The test is examines the test object the function,
the performance whether do satisfy the operation requirements and
promptly found the problem is important and the effective method,
generally speaking, in the product development, the production and in
the use maintenance entire life process all cannot leave the test
technology and the test equipment, they are in the product triturating
important method, is in the product manufacture process quality
guarantee tool, simultaneously also is the product service safeguard
system essential essential factor. The test technology is
guarantees the product "the reliability, may 维修? be possible
the safeguard" the important prop, is the product entire life cycle
test, the maintenance, the service safeguard technical method;
The measuring instrument and the test system which is composed
by each kind of measuring instrument is tests the technology finally
to manifest. Along with the test demand enhancement and the
application development, in particular the software and hardware
technology and the test technology method development, the new
technology obtained the fast development in recent years in the test
domain: If each kind of new instrument main line promotes one
after another with the application, the miniaturization, the synthesis
and the integrated instrument unceasingly emerges, the synthesis, the
universalized automated test system and the test and the diagnosis
integration system vigorous development, the long-distance test and
the service diagnosis technology, the internal installation from the
test technology, the synthesis test and diagnoses the software
platform technology and so on in unceasingly the consummation and the
application.
Measuring instrument and advanced test main line technology
According to the profession application characteristic,
the measuring instrument may divide into the foundation metering
equipment, synthesize instrument, microwave/millimeter wave instrument
and so on. In view of the general test, the breakdown diagnosis,
the synthesis safeguard system demand, industry in further developed
and has consummated based on the VXI/PXI/LXI instrument main line
foundation metering equipment series spectrum, in the engine case, the
controller, the high speed number picked, the high end oscilloscope,
high speed I/O, the edge scanning, the microwave instrument as well as
aspect and so on communication metering equipment obtains the further
development and the consummation, obtained in each kind of form Gao
Duan and in the synthesis instrument product research and development
strengthens, takes the instrument connection the standardization, the
network and the application network; By may exchange the
instrument driver standardization which the hypothesized instrument
(IVI) the standard introduction brings, satisfied between the
instrument to be possible the interchangeable request, and has
provided the foundation safeguard to the universalized test diagnosis
software platform development and the application; In view of
new generation of application the and so on radar, communication,
electronic reconnaissance and electronic countermeasure, precision
guidance development, and satisfies to crowded, is complex and the
condition changeable electromagnetic environment simulation simulation
and the high-accuracy survey and the analysis demand, synthesized the
instrument as well as the microwave/millimeter wave measuring
instrument related technology obtained the fast development, like the
wider frequency Czechoslovakia frequency conversion and non-linear,
the multi- ports, the power measuring instrument technology and the
instrument appearance, has realized the more parameters integration,
modular and the integrated test. Radio and the optical
communication network test technology, the infrared test technology,
as well as the software radio technology and so on the research and
the application also obtained a quicker advancement.
The test system composition cannot leave tests the main line,
main line itself also becomes the test system the main constituent, is
different according to the main line structure function and the nature
may test the main line to divide into the internal main line and
exterior main line. Industry in the popular internal test main
line mainly has VXI and the PXI two kind of main lines, they
separately develop in VME and in the PCI two kind of computers main
lines foundation, although separately defined very many kinds to
install the structure and the main line definition, but as a result of
the application fact standard, the current major part structural style
was: VXI use is the C size, but the PXI use is the A size.
In newest edition, VXI (V3.0) the main line speed may achieve
160MB/s, but the PXI main line speed is quicker, the maximum speed may
reach 528MB/s, the PXI another enhancement transmission speed
development supports PCI Express, some people name to it are the PXIE
main lines, it 背板on integrates PCI again in the PXI main line the
Express main line, satisfies certain instrument modules the fast data
transfer demand; Speaking of the application situation, two kind
of main lines all obtained a better development in the test domain,
VXI main line has defined a stricter clock, the electric power supply,
the engine case and the electromagnetic compatibility target request,
therefore mainly applies in the high end test domain, but PXI the fast
data transfer situation development is very quick in between the
request miniaturization and the instrument. Moreover a fast main
line development is ATCA (AdvancedTCA) main line promoting with the
application, supports most Gao Keda 40Gb/s the connection speed.
Has comprehensively grasped each kind of VXI/PXI main line
modulation measuring instrument development technology take
astronautics observation and control company as representative's
domestic instrument factory, and has formed a serialized VXI/PXI main
line foundation metering equipment goods product, the majority of
products target and the overseas similar product quite, the partial
targets also are higher than the overseas product, simultaneously may
satisfy the wider use environment to request.
Exterior main line has GPIB, USB, 1,394 and LXI and so on, the
current development and the application quite active have USB and the
LXI main line, in miniaturization, portable or in laboratory
application, has potential of the fast development by the USB
connection instrument system; Develops the LXI main line in the
widespread use Ethernet foundation which becomes, then was considered
is in the first section true significance exterior instrument main
line, it divides into A, B, the C three ranks, the A rank request is
highest, may satisfy the function request which precise clock
synchronization and synchronization triggers, has the original
application space in distributional and the large-scale test system,
opened another stretch of world for the test technology application.
The automation tests and synthesizes the test technology
Is following the world new technology development, the
information technology and the information equipment application has
become the promotion equipment ability the essential way, regardless
of is civil or the military domain water ground to air equipment, the
communications system, automated production installment and so on, its
electromagnetic detection, the automated control, the data analysis,
the data transmission, the network correspondence and so on a series
of functions in unceasingly increase, the load bearing electronic
installation also in unceasingly increases, for the guarantee
equipment normal work, first then the complex electronic installation
test and the breakdown diagnosis appears to these is especially
important, facing tests and the diagnosis duty like this more and more
arduous and the complex aspect, for many years, Industry
intrinsic attenion single item test technological breakthrough at the
same time, makes every effort to cause the test facility realization
automation, the universalization and the integration, satisfies
general system the and so on simulation, numeral, radio frequency and
photoelectricity comprehensive test ability.
The universalized test system itself characteristic manifests in
the measuring instrument general, the software platform general and
the connection adapter on general, in take the automated test system
(ATS) as the foundation universalization, in the integrated developing
process, before as a result of the investment and the management
disperser, created the ATS variety many, the system structure has not
been unified as well as the software and hardware connection
special-purpose pattern, very difficultly caused to realize in the
true significance universalization, had to realize the test facility
universalization, the integration, had to carry on the centralized
management to ATS and to plan, take US as the example, They
adopt one of measures is brings into line with ATS Department of
Defense to unite the technical system structure, strengthens ATS the
standardization; Second measure is the start next generation
test plan (NxTest), the unified three services ATS system structure,
the realization test facility universalization and the integration,
through by the IEEE - 1,226 standards took the system the main body
information frame, causes between the test system interior, the test
system, the test process with the external environment (including
product design, to produce to service each link) between realizes
information resource sharing and alternately, the realization shares
TPS and ATS, the sharing diagnosis foundation structure, improves the
TPS development environment, is advantageous for the TPS transplant;
Simultaneously unifies the IEEE - 1,232 standards to enable the
diagnosis inference system to be mutually compatible and to be
independent to the test process, achieved the test diagnosis knowledge
may transplant, entrust with heavy responsibility with sharing;
These measures goals are must cause the test facility the
hardware to reduce 2/3, the project expense reduce 2/3, the TPS
development time and the cost reduce 50 ~ 70%. The final effect
is extremely obvious, reduced the test facility scale and the
investment in the very great degree. After "15" the development,
the domestic some specialized observation and control factory full use
mature modulation instrument technologies, the standard main line
technology, the common software platform technology and the automated
test system technology, developed has satisfied military and the
civilian use universalization and the integrated test system
equipment, in test domain and so on astronautics, aviation, ships,
vehicles obtained a better application.
The research and the standard multi-level test automation open
style system structure, the digestion absorbs the NxTest system
structural design thought, the realization equips the entire life
cycle test and the cross platform test request, realizes the
information and system resources sharing, interlocks, the exchange,
mutually operates, may expand as well as satisfy universalized test
the and so on longitudinal integrated test demand. Through the
solution unified standard and the standard, in the software platform,
the system connection, install in the structure to realize ATS to be
mutually compatible, can further enhance the resources the use factor,
the realization more universalized and the integrated test goal.
Breakdown diagnosis and synthesis safeguard technology
The test and the diagnosis is in the gain was measured
the object each kind of parameter, sensation its characteristic and in
the function foundation, carries on analyzes and evaluates, from time
to time and accurately determined its work or the performance
condition, and isolate its internal breakdown the method,
simultaneously provides the judgement for the service the basis.
The breakdown diagnosis is tests the duty the highest boundary,
through the system level and the board level breakdown diagnosis
technology, may locate the breakdown to the part, the flapper, even
the primary device, the realization accurate localization and the
prompt repair, thus may large scale reduce the system or the equipment
average maintenance time.
In synthesis safeguard technology system, including reliable
technical, test technology and line maintenance technology.
Reliability, the testability and may 维修?and so on be
closely linked with the product design process, but for the reliable
modelling, the fail-safe analysis as well as 维修?the modelling
provides the master data also is the test and the diagnosis,
simultaneously, in the reliability allocation, the reliability
estimated and 维修?in the estimate can to test sets the request
with the diagnosis. Therefore, processes between them the
relational count for much, for satisfies the product entire life cycle
the synthesis safeguard need, some organizations in the reliability,
the measurability and might Uygur's design aspect, in experimental and
the appraisal technology aspect, have realized from have determined
the nature of to the quantitative analysis transition, and has
promoted tool software which the massive safeguards design analyzed
and appraised, and take the digitization designed the platform to
realize the equipment triturating safeguard as the foundation and the
performance organic synthesis, realized each kind of design
characteristic synthesis take the multi-disciplinary design
optimization technology as the foundation. In the service
technology aspect, uses information technology, advanced sensor
technology, test automation technology, breakdown diagnosis and
forecast technology, artificial intelligence technology technology and
so on and so on method development electron service, hypothesized
service and simulation, carries on the synthesis examination, the
forecast and the appraisal, enhances the service the rapidity and the
accuracy. In the test and the diagnosis technology aspect,
further developed and has consummated the synthesis test and the
breakdown diagnosis integration technology, established the standard
the synthesis to diagnose and to service the safeguard system the
system structure, the compatible IEEE-1445 standard, applied more
effective foundation technology and so on breakdown modelling,
inference diagnosis method, test diagnosis and information fusion, for
the system level, the board level and the chip level breakdown
diagnosis provided the technical method, provided a more perfect
technology and the product support for the equipment synthesis service
safeguard. Along with the information technology development,
the fuzzy theory, the nerve network, the heredity algorithm, the
wavelet transformation newest theory all successively applies the
breakdown diagnosis domain, and has obtained the certain result;
Moreover, fuzzy breakdown tree, fuzzy nerve network, based on
fuzzy rule expert system and based on heredity algorithm diagnosis
method and so on during thorough research. In the maintenance
equipment product aspect, many units using the expert system, the
artificial intelligence method have developed the board level and the
system level breakdown synthesis diagnosis system product and obtain
the application, the typical equipment has peaceful Switzerland to
reach the company the LASER system, law astronavigation ATEC the
Series6 system, Israel's ARIS2000 system and astronautics observation
and control company "the Hua Tuo electron clinic" the HTEDS8000 system
and so on.
The new generation of equipment because has high
intellectualized, digitized, the main line characteristic, the
traditional exterior test and the diagnosis gradually substitutes by
the internal BIT function, this has become the current test
technological development the important tendency. Said the BIT
technology may trace on the century at the beginning of for 50's, US
starts to study the BIT test technology, and successfully has equipped
the conventional BIT installment to the end of the 50's on the
airborne radar approach. Afterwards applies on its fighter plane
F/A-18; In order to improve and enhances the BIT performance,
overseas the artificial intelligence technology, the computer
technology and the semiconductor technology synthesis applies to the
primary device, the electric circuit board and the system and so on in
each BIT level; The 80's later periods, appeared based on the
boundary scanning technology new BIT technology, and gradually become
new aviation electronics BIT the main test and the test design
technology, in F-22, RAH-66, Boeing 777 and so on in the system
achieve success the application. The new BIT technology mainly
take the IEEE-1149 series standard as a foundation, mainly included
has defined the board level, the module level network test and the
service main line, might realize digital and the analogous circuit
board level and the subsystem level (unit equipment) BIT. At
present, some instrument companies (for example NI, Corelis and so on)
also already developed conform to IEEE Std 1,149 standards
correlations development kit software and the system, the domestic
very many scientific research unit also was developing this aspect the
work, has yielded the certain result and has promoted some software
and hardware products.
Conclusion
The test domain demand and the application are extremely
widespread, applies the technology from simulates low frequency to
numeral, from to high frequency/microwave, from tests to diagnosis,
from services to safeguard, aspects all fast is developing, unfolds in
front of us topical glossary, according to, hypothesized instrument,
test, hypothesized test, hypothesized experiment, diagnosis and
service, forecast and appraisal, BIT and so on, they all are test the
domain new technological development and the application carrier.
We joyfully saw the domestic test domain the department
responsible for the work, the courtyard, the factory and so on all
extremely takes to test the technological development the plan and the
technical innovation, this will certainly to test the technology and
the test equipment sails upstream evenly has the very big promoter
action. The Chinese astronautics branch labor group observes and
controls the center: Devotes tests and
controls technical to the survey the development application, main
product and service: The hypothesized instrument technology,
general tests the system, the telemetering remote control, the
breakdown diagnosis expert, PXI, VXI, the LXI main line observation
and control equipment. |
