First, the lead harm and the implementation does not have the lead necessity and the feasibility
Second, does not have 铅焊�?the development advancement
Third, the soft rock drill welds the profession to does not have 铅焊�?the request
Fourth, does not have the related profession and its the cooperation relations which in the lead advancement involves
1st, electronic manufacturing industry merchant
2nd, electronic primary device merchant
3rd, line board manufacture merchant
4th, 焊料 production merchant
5th, welds with the equipment manufacturer
6th, does not have 铅焊�?specialized research and development organization
Fifth, at present develops non- 铅焊�?type and its quality, cost appraisal
1st, does not have 铅焊�?the research and development present situation
2nd, does not have 铅焊�?type and characteristic
3rd, does not have 铅焊�?cost appraisal
Sixth, does not have 铅焊�?in the promoted application process must solve the related problem which or should pay attention
1st, does not have 铅锡the silk use
Seventh, the suggestion electron profession does not have the lead to induct the system regulation

Content

First, the lead harm and the implementation does not have the lead necessity and the feasibility
In 焊料 the developing process, the tin lead alloys always is highest quality, the inexpensive welding material, regardless of is welds the quality or to weld after the reliability all to be able to achieve the operation requirements; But, along with human environmental protection consciousness strengthening, "the lead" and its the compound to the human body the harm and to the environment pollution, more and more is taken by the humanity.
The US environmental protection bureau (EPA) the lead and its the compound qualitative is 17 kind of serious harms humanities life and one of natural environment chemical substances, the lead right enters the animal or humanity's food chain through the permeating groundwater system; In the routine work, the human body passable skin absorption, the breath, has eaten food and so on the absorption lead or its compound, when these matter in the human body achieved when a quota, can affect in vivo protein the normal synthesis, the destruction central nervous system, creates the nerve and the regeneration system disorder, the delay, the anemia, the intelligence drops, the hypertension even 不孕 and so on the symptom; 铅中�?is the heavy metal to be poisoned, it also has in the human body cannot drain, the question which and can gradually accumulate. American professional security and health management bureau (OSHA) standard: In the adult blood the lead content should be lower than 50mg/dl, in the child blood the lead content should be lower than 30mg/dl.
China has joined WTO, the Chinese market already gradually connected rails with the international market; In order to enhance own product the adaptiveness, and when exportation avoids the above nonessential trouble, the domestic merchant should strengthen the product not to have the lead consciousness, adapts the international market request as soon as possible, do not have to walk in others' behind, otherwise the product will lose the certain competitive ability, will be in day by day in the intense international competition leewardly; Opens local in our country coast the foreign capital factory to be in the majority, on scale international big company also many, these foreign capital companies already noted have not had the lead necessity, some companies have not had the lead to raise into the company to improve the program.
The green environmental protection product is the new century mainstream, but does not have the lead is whether feasible? This question must from the technology, the cost as well as does not have 铅焊�?compatibly welds the equipment with the present soft rock drill and so on many angles to explain. First says from the technology, does not have the lead to obtain many national value, whether there is do many countries suppose 铅焊�?the research and development specialized agency, these research and development organizations as well as 焊料 the production merchant, all already researched and developed many kinds of does not have 铅焊�? also had quite a part to test the proof was may substitute 锡铅焊料 the product, (concrete non- 铅焊�?type and its characteristic this article fifth main point had detailed introduction); Considered from the cost angle, about at present develops the non- 铅焊�?cost is ordinary doubles in tin lead alloys price 2~3, according to the sketchy statistics, uses 焊料 the expense does not surpass the product total cost about 0.1%, therefore cannot have the too tremendous influence to the product overall cost; Speaking of the equipment, at present also has the adaption does not have 铅焊�?the wave ridge to weld and the class to weld the equipment to leave the plant again, but, multitudinously did not have 铅焊�? the research and development organization and the producer still in unceasingly diligently improves does not have 铅焊�?itself quality parameter, adapts the customer at present existing equipment.
Second, does not have 铅焊�?the development advancement
1,991 and in 1993: The American Senate proposed the electronic 焊料 center lead content control in 0.1% below request, encounters the American labor field intense opposition to die;
In 1991 NEMI, NCMS, NIST, DIT, NPL, PCIF, ITRI, organization and so on JIEP carried out did not have 铅焊�?the special study one after another, spent surpasses 20 million US dollars, at present still was continuing;
In 1998 Japan revised the home use electronic products regenerative method, urged the enterprise development non- lead electronic products;
In October, 1998 the Japanese loose summer company first section volume production non- lead electronic products was published;
In June, 2000: American IPC Lead-Free the Roadmap 4th edition publication, suggested the American enterprise promotes in 2001 without the lead electronic products, in 2004 realizes comprehensively does not have the lead;
In August, 2000: Japanese JEITA Lead-Free the Roadmap 1.3 edition publications, suggested the Japanese enterprise realizes the standardized non- lead electron assembly in 2003;
In January, 2002 European Union Lead-Free the Roadmap1.0 version publication, provides according to the questionnaire survey result to the field about does not have the lead important statistical data;
The European Union parliament and the European Union council on January 23, 2003 had issued the 2002/95/EC number "about Limits in the Electricity Electronic installation Uses Certain Deleterious substances Instruction", in this instruction, European Union had explicitly stipulated six kind of deleterious substances are: "The mercury (Hg), the cadmium (Cd), six prices chromium (Cr), the lead (Pb), gathers the bromine biphenyl (PBB), gathers the bromine diphenyl oxide (PBDE)"; And forces to request to get up from July 1, 2006, sells the electronic products in the European market to have for the non- lead electronic products; (Individual type electronic products temporarily is an exception)
In March, 2003, the China information industries department draws up "Electronic information Product Production Pollution Preventing and controlling Policing method", proposed gets up from July 1, 2006 puts in the market in the national key supervising and managing table of contents electronic information product not to be able to include Pb.
Third, the welding profession to does not have 铅焊�?the request
Does not have 铅焊�?first must be able truly to satisfy the environmental protection request, could not remove the lead, also increased new has been virulent or the harmful matter; Must guarantee does not have 铅焊�?the weldability and weld after the reliability, and must consider the customer withstands cost and so on multitudinous question. Below summarizes says, does not have 铅焊�?should satisfy these requests as far as possible:
1st, does not have 铅焊�?the melting point must be low, approaches 63,/37 tin lead alloys as far as possible eutectic temperature 1830C, if the new product eutectic temperature only outdoes 1830C several to be supposed not to be the very major problem, but at present still did not have to be able truly to promote, and conformed to welding request this kind not to have 铅焊�? Moreover, in develops has a lower eutectic temperature non- 铅焊�?before, should as far as possible does not have 铅焊�? fuse the gap temperature difference to lower, namely reduces its 固相线and 液相线the between temperature sector as far as possible, 固相线the temperature most is small is 1500C, 液相线the temperature regards the concrete application to decide (the wave ridge to weld with 锡条: Below 2650C; Tin silk: Below 3750C; SMT uses the solder paste: Below 2500C, usually requests the backflow to weld the temperature to be supposed to be lower than 225~2300C).
2nd, does not have 铅焊�?must have the good wettability; In the ordinary circumstances, the class welds again when 焊料 in the time which 液相线above pauses is the 30~90 second, the wave ridge welds when is welded the module base pin and the line board base pan and the tin fluid wave ridge contact time is about 4 seconds, the use does not have 铅焊�?after, must guarantee 焊料 can display the good moist performance in the above time scope, guarantees the high quality welding effect;
After 3rd, the welding electric conduction and the thermal conductivity all must 焊料 approach with 63,/37 tin lead alloys;
4th, the spot tensile strength, toughness, the ductility and the anticreep can all want and the tin lead alloys performance difference are not many;
5th, cost as far as possible reducing; At present, can control in tin lead alloys 1.5~2 doubles, is the quite ideal price position;
6th, develops non- 铅焊�?in the use process, non- 铅焊�? as well as the primary device base pin or its surface which the logical circuit board copper base, the logical 'or' circuit board plates non- 铅焊 anticipates other metals clad, has the good rock drill to gather the performance;
7th, the new development non- 铅焊�?助焊�?matches as far as possible with each kind, and the compatibility must as far as possible strong; Also can in the active rosin resin 助焊�? (RA) under the support works, also could be suitable temperate, the weak active rosin solder (RMA) or does not contain the rosin resin to exempt the clean 助焊�?is the later development tendency;
After 8th, the welding to the spot examination, repairs a second time must be easy;
9th, selects the raw material to be able to satisfy the long-term full supply;
10th, the equipment craft which uses with at present is compatible, in does not replace the equipment under the condition to be allowed to work.
Fourth, slightly
Fifth, at present develops non- 铅焊�?type and its quality, cost appraisal
1st, does not have 铅焊�?the research and development present situation:
The American country production research institute (NCMS) obtained 7 kinds through screening not to have 铅焊�?and in this foundation, has carried on usable and the reliable two appraisals, finally recommended three kind of alloy to supply the choice. (Sees table one)
Table one: US uses in the surface mounting recommendation three kinds not to have 铅焊�?the alloy
The alloy type fuses the temperature applicable scope
Sn-58Bi 1390C domestic electric appliances, portable telephone
Sn-3.4Ag-4.8Bi 205~2100C domestic electric appliances, portable telephone, universe aviation, automobile
Sn-3.5Ag-0.5Cu-1In 2210C domestic electric appliances, portable telephone, universe aviation, automobile
In Japan, the Japan electronics industry promotion association (JEITA) organized to evaluate has not had 铅焊�? The alloy which the table two is which the JEIDA organization evaluates the transition-period may use.
The table two, the JEIDA organization evaluates the alloy which may use
Project
Content
Series

Alloy
Again the class welds (R)
The wave ridge welds (F)
Sn-Ag Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu R F
Sn-Ag-Cu Sn-3Ag-0.7Cu F

Sn-Ag-Bi
Sn-2Ag-3Bi-0.75Cu R
Sn-2Ag-4Bi-0.5Cu-0.1Ge R
Sn-3.5Ag-5Bi-0.7Cu R
Sn-3.5Ag-6Bi R
Sn-Bi Sn-1Ag-57Bi R
2nd, does not have 铅焊�?type and characteristic
Each kind recommends which from the various countries' correlation organization does not have 铅焊 anticipates the condition summary which each big company tests, at present transition-period does not have 铅焊�?may divide into the following 4 kinds, sees the next table:

Type
Eutectic ratio 共晶�?br> (0C) characteristic
Shortcoming merit

Sn-Ag

Sn-3.5Ag

221
Center high temperature department, ductility/
Run warm compares the Sn-Pb difference
A stronger uniformity and may duplicate the manufacture, and already in
The electronic field applies many years, continuously maintains very good may
Depends on the nature; Uses in the backflow to weld/the wave ridge to weld/the manual welding welding;
Sn-Cu Sn-0.7Cu 227 tensile strengths ductility ratio
The Sn-Pb difference cost is low/may apply to the wave ridge welds/the manual welding
Sn-Bi Sn-58Bi 138 Bi resources limited, the melting point too is low,
Mechanical strength worse, easy 虚焊 melting point low, resists heat weariness to be good
Sn-Zn Sn-9Zn 199 is easy to oxidize/is easy to corrode/the wettability
The very bad machine capability is better, comparatively approaches Sn-37Pb,
Center warm department

3rd, does not have 铅焊�?the cost appraised that,
Alloy ingredient (%) cost comparison multiple
Sn-37Pb (standard 焊料) 1.00
Sn-0.7Cu 1.49
Sn-3.5Ag 3.20
Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu 3.19
Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 2.87
Sn-0.7Cu-0.07 Ni 2.0

Sixth, does not have 铅焊�?in the promoted application process must solve the related problem which or should pay attention
1st, does not have 铅锡the silk use:
(1)th, the attention iron power choice, does not have 铅焊�? the melting point outdoes compared to the tin lead alloys many, in does not affect the primary device to be heated the impact in the situation, but suitably enlarges the iron power, speeds up the melt tin and on the tin speed; The welding temperature cannot be lower than 3750C or use the 60W iron.
(2)th, after welding in spot feeling view, cannot according to the former tin lead alloys standard judgment, the usual non- 铅焊�?spot be inferior to the tin lead alloys spot smooth, is luminous, but so long as can guarantee the spot time the complete welding and its the examination reliability, should be may accept the scope.
Seventh, the suggestion electron profession does not have the lead to induct the system regulation
According to the enterprise actual condition, first should reassign the project, department correlation personnel and so on tube, fresh technique, the establishment does not have the lead to carry out the proof work team, then formulates by this work team suits this enterprise non- 铅焊�?to induct the plan, as well as completes in this plan each section concrete time, and provides each related function department, in the request enterprise various departments according to the plan assignment work, and carries out.
The correlation promotion works and inducts the plan content to have following several to be possible to supply the reference:
1st, does not have to the correlation 铅焊�?each kind of material carries on the written proof:
(1)th, does not have 铅焊�?the origin:
(2)th, does not have 铅焊�?the propelling force:
(3)th, does not have 铅焊�?the market direction:
((1) to (3) may refer to this article first correlation elaboration)
(4)th, does not have 铅焊�?the performance:
(5)th, does not have 铅焊�?selection of the ingredient:
(6)th, does not have 铅焊�?appraisal of the quality that,
(7)th, does not have 铅焊�?appraisal of the cost that,
(8)th, with does not have 铅焊�?matches 助焊�?the performance:
((4) to (8) may refer to this article fifth, six correlations elaboration; Above (1) to (8) also requests 焊料 to supply goods business to assist to provide the correlation support;)
2nd, the coordination, the choice does not have 铅焊�? supplies goods business to specifically not to have 铅焊�?the product to carry on the appraisal;
(May request not to have 铅焊�?production merchant to provide its product allocated proportion or contains metallic element ingredient, 焊料 performance, suitable temperature area line, butt weld equipment aspect correlation data and so on request)
3rd, coordinates various electronic primary device producer in not to have in the lead advancement to the electronic primary device the serviceability, and its performance proof;
(This spot should include primary device base pin coating non- lead ingredient and primary device can withstand thermal shock ability to carry on appraisal)
4th, carries on the line board to the line board producer not to have the lead appraisal;
(This including line board own non- lead appraisal, and line board can thermal shock of ability appraisal withstanding)
5th, carries on the appraisal to the enterprise existing equipment;
(May refer to this article sixth correlation elaboration, or requested equipment supplies goods business to support)
6th, after introduces does not have 铅焊�?produces adjustment the craft, after as well as the production craft adjustment the influence which to the enterprise product quality, the production efficiency and so on various aspects brings carries on the appraisal;
(Adjustment correlation parameter may refer to this article fifth and sixth correlation elaboration)
7th, to does not have the lead to induct in the plan to involve to various departments, requests them to make the corresponding work plan book;
8th, the procedure basically completes above the determination, after and has the theory, the technical support, may does does not have 铅焊�?the application experiment in the project or the technical department interior;
9th, carries on the summary to the experimental result, partially makes the improvement to the insufficiency or the existence obvious flaw, or the coordinated correlation supplies goods business to seek the technical support;
10th, will not have 铅焊�?arranges to carry on the test to the production line, or carries on to the partial products without the lead experiment;
After 11th, in all appraisals, the experiment completes, carries on the final non- lead to induct the procedure to carry on the summary; And the establishment does not have 铅焊�?the use craft and each correlation location works the instruction book.
Non- lead manual welding cost
Cost project:
1. Part cost: The primary device completely must conform to the non- lead standard;
2. Soldering tin cost: The non- lead soldering tin price for has above lead soldering tin 3 times;
3. 焊台 cost: Does not have the lead special-purpose 焊台 price for ordinary 焊台 2-10 time above, but is the disposable investment;
4. Consumes the material cost: With 烙铁�? consumes quickly without the lead, also the price position for has above lead 烙铁�?3-5 time;
5. Human resources cost: Training