The topic wants: This article mainly
introduced the frequency changer - swims the beam plate pumping unit
energy conservation transformation application one of in oil field
important production equipment, through analyzed the equipment and the
craft to conserves energy and raises the technological level to give
the explanation, and to transformed the question which in the plan and
the application should pay attention to make the simple introduction.
Foreword:
Our country oil field many is feeble-minded for the low seepage,
lowly produces the oil field, such does not have like Middle East's
oil field very strongly flushes the ability, the majority of oil
fields must depend on the note hydraulic pressure oil to enter the
well, again depends on the pumping unit to promote the oil from the
stratum. By Shui Huanyou, to the electricity traded the oil is
our country oil field reality, the electrical bill has accounted for
the very great proportion in our country petroleum mining cost.
Therefore, the petroleum profession extremely takes to save the
electrical energy.
In our country petroleum mining, the machinery picks the oil
well to occupy the overwhelming majority, including the pole to
extract oil (has pole to pull out oil well) to occupy the total
machinery extraction above 90%. The entire domestically produced
oil mass above 70% depends on has the pole pumping unit to complete.
Its energy consumption has occupied the oil field energy
consumption 1/3. The nation consumes the electricity
approximately 4.2 billion Renminbi every year. Because various
oil fields must have several thousand new wells investments production
every year, renews together with the original equipment, must increase
several thousand pumping units every year. The pumping unit has
the important status in our country petroleum mining.
At present, in the pumping equipment which the oil field uses,
swims the beam plate pumping unit universally, the quantity are also
most. In 2003, the victory oil field some picks the oil refinery
to use the frequency changer to exchange drives the kerosene engine
implementation to transform the oil well to pump the efficiency
remarkable enhancement, the daily average increases the oil 2 tons,
the electricity saving rate achieves above 30%, following simple
introduction energy conservation transformation principle and
operation plan.
Swims the beam plate pumping unit principle of work
Its movement principle is drives the oil pump by the
motor constant speed revolution, carries on the reciprocal motion
along the action of gravity direction, thus from pulls out the crude
oil several hundred to several kilometers mine shafts the ground.
Analyzes its load characteristics to be possible to know its
inertia in a big way, but different oil well viscosity size very
different, when oil viscosity bigger, pumps the efficiency also
changes lowly, often starts very is also difficult. This load
also is the cyclical load, the rise, the drop travelling schedule load
nature is also different, drops the fashion to have the position
potential load nature. In order to adapt these complex operating
modes, the pumping unit disposition and its the practical work
condition often only can be the big horse pulls the car. Swims
the beam plate pumping unit movement for repeatedly about to promote,
a stroke promotes a time, its power comes from the electric motor
impetus two weights quite big steels slide, when slide promotion, the
similar leverage, the extraction machine pole will send in the well;
When slide drop, extracts oil the pole to propose the belt oil
to the well head, because the electric motor rotational speed is
certain, in the slide drop process, the load reduces, the electric
motor drives the energy which produces to be unable by the load
attraction, inevitably will be able to seek the energy consumption the
channel, will cause the electric motor to enter the regeneration
electricity generation condition, will feed back the unnecessary
energy the electrical network, will cause host return route generatrix
voltage magnification, inevitably will be able to have the impact to
the entire electrical network, will cause the electrical network power
supply drop in quality, the danger which the power factor will reduce;
The frequent high-pressured impact can damage the electric
motor, creates the production efficiency to reduce, the maintenance
quantity enlarges, is extremely disadvantageous to the pumping
equipment energy conservation falls consumes, creates the bigger
economic loss to the enterprise. Swims the beam plate pumping
unit to introduce two big quality the steel slides, causes the pumping
unit the starting to attack and so on in a big way many questions.
Besides the above two aspects question, the oil field extraction
special geographical environment had decided the oil extraction
equipment has its unique movement characteristic: Is big in the
oil well mining preliminary oil reserves, for the fluid foot, for
enhances the effect to be possible to use the labor frequency
movement, guaranteed compares the high production oil mass; In
center later period, because the prospective oil reduces, is easy to
create for the fluid is insufficient, the electric motor if still the
labor frequency movement, inevitably will waste the electrical energy,
created not essential loses, by now had to consider the practical work
situation, suitably reduced the electric motor rotational speed,
reduced the stroke, effective enhancement fulling rate.
At present, to swims the beam plate pumping unit exchange
frequency conversion velocity modulation technological transformations
mainly to have following two aspects the merit:
(1) improves the electrical network quality, reduces to the
electrical network influence. This mainly concentrates in the
power supply enterprise to an electrical network quality requirement
higher situation, for avoids the electrical network quality the drop,
must introduce the frequency conversion control, its main goal is
reduces the pumping unit work process to the electrical network the
influence.
(2) conserves energy. On the one hand, the oil field
pumping unit for overcomes the big starting moment, uses the electric
motor is bigger than actual needs the power, when the work the
electric motor use factor generally is by far 20% ~ 30%, is highest
cannot surpass 50%, the electric motor often is in the light
condition, creates the resources waste. On the other hand, the
pumping unit working condition continuously change, is decided by the
underground condition, if throughout is in the labor frequency
movement, also can create the electrical energy waste. In order
to conserve energy, enhances the electric motor working efficiency,
must carry on the frequency conversion transformation.
Energy conservation transformation implementation plan
(1)th, simple 降 way: Directly installs the
frequency changer and lowers the electrically operated opportunity
line frequency, reduces the electrical machinery rotational speed,
increases each stroke the time, achieves the energy conservation
effect. In the practical application can achieve 15% - 30%
electricity saving effect.
(2)th, change stroke way: After the solid oil well logging
situation and the perquisite proportion, according to swim the beam
plate pumping unit movement characteristic, to each stroke in the drop
and the promotion establishment different frequency, the as necessary
control motor rotational speed, the oil extraction rod idling speed
drops the fast promotion, not only achieves the electricity saving
effect, moreover can effectively adjust the perquisite proportion,
enhances the output. In the practical application swims the beam
plate pumping unit scene actual after the nearly 40 transformations,
compares when the labor frequency movement average electricity saving
38%, if again calculates produces the oil mass the enhancement, the
comprehensive benefit is extremely considerable.
In the practical application is easy the question and the
solution which appears
Had many problems in the practical application process,
mainly concentrates in swims the beam plate pumping unit electricity
generation condition to have in energy processing. Regarding the
above first kind of situation, uses the frequency changer to add the
energy consumption to apply the brake the unit to be possible a more
convenient realization, this is take consumes the electrical energy as
the price, mainly because the electricity generation energy cannot the
back coupling electrical network create. When has not used the
frequency changer, when the electric motor is at the electrically
operated condition, from electrical network absorption electrical
energy; When the electric motor is at the electricity generation
condition, the release energy, the electrical energy direct back
coupling electrical network, consumes by no means on the local
equipment. Synthesis performance for pumping unit power supply
system power factor lower, is bigger to the electrical network quality
influence. But when use ordinary frequency changer, the
situation has had the change. The ordinary frequency changer
input is the diode rectification, the energy cannot the reversed
direction flow. The above this part of electrical energy has not
flowed the electrical network the circuit, must use the resistance to
consume, this is must use the energy consumption to apply the brake
the unit reason.
Use environment to frequency conversion velocity modulation
system influence not allow to neglect, the frequency conversion
velocity modulation system installs the position majority is nearby
the open country pumping unit, rains, the condensation, is moist,
freezes, the dust, the insect, the micro-organism can create the
serious harm to the frequency changer, meanwhile must security.
These situations need fully to solve at the beginning of the
installment, at present the majority scene uses the means are
double-decked, the waterproof dustproof power distribution cabinet
solve the above problem. Such basically can solve the field work
environmental effect, but simultaneously creates the radiation not
good problem, for the guarantee normal work, needs in the frequency
changer capacity choice the full consideration.
Electrical network quality to frequency changer influence also
very big, swims the beam plate pumping unit supply line far, the
electrical network is easy to have the undulation, are very many to
the electrical network stably requests the high frequency changer to
be able frequently to appear 过电?or owes the voltage protection,
because the frequency changer has the adaption electrical network
undulation bigger situation use characteristic, since therefore has
applied the frequency changer, although the electrical network has a
bigger undulation (310V¨D¨D430V) between, always can the normal
operation.
The open country installment, anti-radar strikes also is the
important aspect, when installment must pay attention to the
establishment lightning protector.
[ Conclusion ]: The frequency conversion technology
because its energy conservation, favor raises the technological level,
the convenience constitution automatic control system superiority,
obtains in each profession more and more crosses the widespread
application. The application frequency conversion velocity
modulation is the enterprise raises the technological level, the
energy conservation digs dives, the increase benefit important way,
from now on will will certainly to obtain a more widespread
application, will create the huge benefit for the enterprise. |
