> The abstract unified
Jiangyin to be popular the clear steel and iron limited company
electric stove workshop to introduce the process computer to the
electric stove steel-making control content and the process, and
proposed the improvement measure regarding this.
Key word electric stove steel-making process computer process
control
Current our country has introduced a series of electric
stoves steel-making process control computer equipment, promoted the
electric stove steel-making control level enhancement. This
article mainly introduced Jiangyin is popular the clear steel and iron
limited company electric stove steel-making process computer control
system. This system studies the main hospital and German ORSI
Corporation by the Beijing steel and iron design jointly is
responsible to design and the scene debugging, already in 1998 first
half year investment use.
1 hardware system constitution
This system uses 1 process computer to stand through the
ARCNET net unites with 1 level of automated systems (see Figure 1),
has provided two functions very strong programmable multi-purpose
controllers in 1 level of automated systems (PMC). Was located
the electric stove electricity air chamber the programmable
multi-purpose controller to provide 3 PC machine, mainly used in the
scrap steel ingredient control and the electric stove steel-making
process control; Is located the dust removal electricity air
chamber the programmable controller mainly to use in to remove dust
the control.
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2 application software function
From overseas introduction electric stove steel-making
process control computer software is according to the technological
requirement disposition, prepares by the steel-making and makes steel
the controlled process two parts to be composed. Process control
flow chart like chart 2 shows.
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2.1 steel-making preparations
This part although has not managed the level, but the
system has provided smelting plan management software, whenever, the
operator may insert one kind of smelting plan through the man-machine
connection in the smelting plan, namely the input production atomic
number, the smelting number, build up information and so on aluminum.
The steel-making preparation although not directly participates
in the control, but it directly affects the electric stove
steel-making the process control. Before official smelting, the
system may use manual or the automatic way through the man-machine
connection choice smelting plan, then, carries on the material basket
scrap steel by the static model best to feed the computation, the
notice raw material system feeds, will select the scrap steel will
load the material basket, will transport to the electric stove area,
preparation smelting.
2.2 steel-making processes control
The electric stove steel-making process control is
composed by 4 stages: (1) smelts the hypothesis stage; (2)
the material basket manages and fuses the stage; (3) refining
stage; (4) tapping stage.
2.2.1 smelting hypotheses stage
The smelting hypothesis stage may regard as to enter new
smelting the start, the system automatically chooses one kind of
smelting plan from the smelting plan to take the new smelting plan,
the recording production date and the time, determine group of
controlled variables (smelting parameter and so on).
The 1st material exchanges into in the stove front, the operator
according to the technological requirement, decided whether carries on
the following processing: (1) revises the scrap steel ingredient
plan; (2) chooses other smelting plan from the smelting plan,
changes builds up the aluminum. Then, requested the system
execution like on processes the work, carries out the new smelting
number. Looked from the smelting process that, the smelting
number only may regard as to smelt in the plan the atomic number.
But, this smelting number count for much, when sends out the
smelting number the hypothesis request, the system has produced a new
smelting plan.
2.2.2 materials baskets manage and fuse the stage
(1) material basket management
The system piles up the field through the material
basket management software management material basket, and grasps the
material basket the actual condition (to feed, to be spatial and so
on), in the material basket installs the scrap steel type and becomes
the classification information. The operator through will pile
up the field related picture with the material basket to send out to
the system expects the basket material to load in the stove or
abandons the material basket the order, and will inform 1 level of
automated systems execution.
(2) fuses the stage
When the 1st material exchanges into in the stove, this
stove smelting parameter becomes effective, enters fuses the stage.
1) fuses the stage pre- computation
After enters fuses the stage, 1 level of automated
systems inform 2 levels of computers electric stoves power source to
put through, the system static model starts to fuse the stage the pre-
computation. It carries on the computation according to the
following information: In material basket scrap steel type,
ingredient, weight and last material marking; After the previous
stove surplus molten steel information or on a material fuses the
molten bath molten steel information; In the stove the raw
material (scrap steel, molten steel) compare actual parameter and so
on the heat capacity. The computed result may show on the screen
that, they are: The dynamic model computation 1st group of
information, namely this material exchanges into front in the molten
bath molten steel information; The system uses for to estimate
the goal energy which fuses the process the condition information -
this material goal energy as well as fuses completes when the molten
bath planted agent has, when last material estimates the molten steel
ingredient.
Once the scrap steel loads in the stove, the electric stove
electrode starts for the molten bath to provide the energy, carries
out the electrode functional diagram. The electrode operation
has the automatic/semiautomatic way and the manual way, the
automatic/semiautomatic way informs 1 level of automated systems
execution by 2 levels of computers, the manual way informs 1 level of
automated systems execution by the operator. After fuses the
stage to start, the system dynamically starts to manage fuses stage
process and so on cyclical computation.
2) fuses the stage the cyclical computation
In entire fuses the stage, in under the operating system
control, fixed time carries out the dynamic model cyclical computation
according to the following information: Fuses the process
information the actual value and 估计? Scene information
observed value. After the cyclical computation, the production
fuses the stepped process control 修正? to fuses the stage to
carry on continuously supervises controls, repeatedly unceasingly
carries on the following function computation:
The energy computation estimated this material basket scrap
steel brings the energy, simultaneously estimated when the next
material feeds, in the molten bath preserves energy. If is last
the material, after estimated fuses completes, the molten bath
preserves energy. This kind of computation based on the energy
balance, it by provides the energy and the energy loss (for example
炉壁 and 炉盖 loss) is composed. Thereupon may estimate has
how much scrap steel not to fuse, thus may estimate fuses completes
also needs how many energies.
The forecast fuses the time forecasts to the next material to
the furnace charge when the surplus time, or in the molten bath the
scrap steel completely fuses the time which completes needs.
This kind of computation and energy computation close
correlation, because this pre- 报 namely into transforms the
molten bath surplus scrap steel energy to need the time.
Supervises in the stove the temperature observation 炉壁 and
炉盖 the cooling water temperature, inspects the stove the normal
state. Because 炉壁 and 炉盖 completely uses the cooling
water cover, the surveillance cooling water outlet temperature, may
avoid because the stove excessively is hot is fusing the stage to have
the normal state. After this kind of phenomenon appears, for the
stove security, the system will report to the police, informs 1 level
of automated systems the electric stove power source closure, will
avoid increasing the electric stove energy consumption.
The definite voltage files and the electrode current operating
point basis feeds the scrap steel the energy computation, the energy
consumption, the electrode functional diagram as well as the molten
steel file information, carries on the adjustment to the electrode
control device operating point, establishes the new operating point,
informs 1 level of automated systems execution.
Forecasts in the molten steel the oxide compound ingredient in
order to adjust the molten steel ingredient, in the molten steel
certain elements need to oxidize, like Si, C and so on, the passable
determination oxygen gun has blown the oxygen quantity, in the control
adjustment molten bath oxidation process.
The process information tracking system to fuses the stage the
complete information to carry on the track. After the electric
stove enters fuses the stage, the system starts to carry out a series
of high-level functions, like the heat calculation, 炉壁 the
temperature surveillance and so on, this indicated the system is
processing the smelting process the complete information, these
information come from each aspect, such as produces the scene the
observed value, the predicted value, the system file information as
well as the network correspondence information and so on. These
information include:
Common information smelting number; Builds up the aluminum
code and the explanation; At present smelts the stage;
Last material symbol.
The weighing information at present the material basket installs
the scrap steel gross weight and each kind of scrap steel weight;
Item 前炉 in installs the scrap steel gross weight;
Joins in the stove the alloy material weight; In stove
molten steel gross weight (估计?; Previous smelting surplus
molten steel weight; Oxygen consumption quantity.
After after starts the time preceding stove tapping or the
smelting severance informs smelting to start the time; Provides
start time which each time electrifies.
The duration current smelting stage the actual smelting time;
After fuses the stage to start the actual smelting time;
Current smelting stage surplus time; Various material
separately smelts the time; Fuses the stage finally to smelt the
time; Idle time, namely material discharging time.
The power supposes the fixed point to prearrange the energy
which entire smelting stage the energy and actually provides;
Prearranges energy which each stage the energy and actually
provides; Prearranges each stage voltage files and the electrode
current.
The energy balance fuses the stage (or refining stage) in the
molten bath the extant total energy; From fuses starts to the
energy which current actually provides; Actual provides the
total energy/scrap steel which the energy = actually provides to load
the gross weight.
Current material basket information pre- computation energy;
Has provided energy; Fuses energy which completes should
again provide.
Measures the warm information molten bath actual temperature;
Goal tapping temperature; Is apart from the sample time
recent time to measure heats and measures the warm record.
The molten steel ingredient recently took a sample the category
and the time; Each time takes a sample ingredient, namely newest
sample value, 估计? target value.
3) inspects fuses the stage whether finished
Whenever fuses the stage cycle computation to finish,
the system all must inspect a material to fuse whether finished?
If finished, carries on the following processing: If is
not last the material, joins the next material in the stove; If
is last the material, the system determined fuses the stage
conclusion.
When the molten steel energy predicted value achieved when fuses
the stage the pre- predicted value, decidable fuses the stage
conclusion; Otherwise, will take this predicted value the next
time cycle computation the input value. When the system
determination fuses the stage to finish, informs 1 level of automated
systems to measure, the sample warm: Measured warm decidable
fuses the stage whether truly finished? If finished, enters the
refining stage; The sample and delivers examines the chemical
examination, after the system accepts examines the chemical
examination the analysis value, carries on the alloy material the
computation.
2.2.3 refining stages
After the refining stage 1st time measures warm, in
refining stage static model basis molten bath molten steel information
computation tapping goal energy and goal temperature. Then, the
refining stage dynamic model carries on in under the operating system
control to the fining process continuously supervises controls, the
surveillance control situation and fuses the stage to be same, here no
longer states. When in the molten bath the molten steel achieved
when tapping temperature, enters the tapping stage.
2.2.4 tapping stages
In the tapping stage, carries on by 1 level of automated
systems measured warm, sample, and delivers the sample examines the
chemical examination. After the system receives the molten steel
ingredient, starts the non- cycle dynamic model computation, estimated
in the molten bath is going the tapping molten steel weight, the
temperature and the ingredient, the computation joins each kind of
alloy material the weight, the energy consumption, the price and the
temperature loses, the notice raw material system joins the alloy
material 钢包, informs 1 level of automated systems tapping, the
electric stove to change over to the molten steel from the smelting
condition to exchange into 钢包 the condition.
After the tapping had ended, the system finally calculates the
molten steel weight and the temperature. Then, belongs to this
smelting information the file, will prepare later to smelt the
reference. The system automatically prints each kind of report
form, and enters the next smelting condition.
3 concluding remark
The current our country introduction electric stove
steel-making process computer (hardware, software, patent) completely
realize the best process control not to be many, is popular the clear
iron and steel company electric stove process computer control also to
have some problems to have to remain unresolved. For example,
the scrap steel management is chaotic, feeds when only counts the
weight, causes to fuse the stage difficulty with to realize the
computer optimizing control, can not but carry on the manual
intervention. Therefore, the author thought must change this
kind of condition to be supposed to achieve: (1) strengthens the
business management, establishes a set from the raw material to the
end product Total Quality Management. (2) strengthens to the
production equipment preventive maintenance, causes the production
equipment continuously to be at the good condition. (3)
strengthens to introduces technical the comprehensive digestion
absorption, achieves an introduction, two digestions, three designs,
avoids duplicating introduces, creates the waste.
Li Qingjun male in 1941 lived engineer mainly to be engaged in
the metallurgy computer system design, the debugging and the
mathematical model research work. |
