> One, RFID technology synopsis
Radio frequency recognition technology RFID (Radio
Frequency Identification Technology) is moves towards the mature one
kind of non- contact type from the 80's the automatic diagnosis
technology, it through radio-frequency signal automatic diagnosis goal
object and gain correlation data. Says from the concept, RFID is
similar to the bar code scanning, says regarding the bar code
technology, it was has been attaching the encoded bar code read-write
transmits read-write to the scanning to the sighting vane and the use
special-purpose scanning using the photoelectricity signal the
information from the linearity magnetism; But RFID uses
special-purpose RFID read-write and special may attach to the sighting
vane RFID unit, transmits read-write to RFID using the RF signal the
information by the RFID unit. In the RFID unit carries about
sighting vane each kind of related information, for example:
This sighting vane name, the sighting vane transportation outset
terminated the place, the relay place and the sighting vane passes
through some place concrete time and so on, but also may write down
such as target and so on temperature. The RFID unit, like the
label, the card and so on may nimbly attach to from the vehicles to
shipment chassis each kind of goods.
(1), most basic RFID system composition:
Microreader (Reader): Reads takes (sometimes also may read
in) the label information equipment, may design for grasps the type or
the stationary type; Antenna (Antenna): And reads taking
in the label between to transmit the radio-frequency signal.
In the electronic label the general preservation has the
agreement form the electronic data, in the practical application, the
electronic label attaches is treating the recognition object the
surface. Reading may not have the contact to read takes and
distinguishes the electronic data which in the electronic label
preserves, thus achieves the automatic diagnosis body the goal.
The usual microreader and the computer are connected, reads the
label information which takes to transmit to the computer on carries
on next step of processing. (Beside above basic disposition, but
also should include corresponding application software) the label
(Tag): Are composed by the matching plug and the chip, each
label has the only electronic code, attaches is marking the goal
object on the object; Each label all has global only ID number -
UID, UID is when the manufacture chip puts in ROM, is unable to
revise. The user data area (DATA) is for the user depositing
data, may carry on, the cover, the increase operation read-write.
Read-write has three kinds to the label operation:
Recognition (Identify): Reads takes UID; Reads takes
(Read): Reads takes the user data; Reads in (Write):
Reads in the user data
(2) RFID system principle of work:
The RFID system in the practical application, the electronic
label attaches in is treating the recognition object the surface, in
the electronic label preserves has the agreement form the electronic
data. The microreader may not have the contact to read takes and
distinguishes the electronic data which in the electronic label
preserves, thus achieves the automatic diagnosis object the goal.
The microreader transmits the certain frequency through the
antenna the radio-frequency signal, when the label enters the magnetic
field produces the induced current thus to obtain the energy,
transmits information and so on own code, after is read taking to read
takes and decodes delivers carries on to the computer main engine
related processing.
(3) RFID system operating frequency:
The usual microreader transmits when uses the frequency is
called the RFID system the operating frequency. The common
operating frequency has low frequency 125kHz, 134.2kHz and 13.56MHz
and so on. The low frequency system generally refers to its
operating frequency to be smaller than 30MHz, the typical operating
frequency includes: 125KHz, 225KHz, 13.56M and so on, these
frequency applications radio frequency recognition systems generally
all have the corresponding international standard to support.
Its essential feature is the data quantity which the electronic
label cost lower, in the label preserves less, the reading distance
shorter, the electronic label contour diverse (card shape, ring-like,
button shape, pen shape), the reading antenna directivity is not
strong and so on.
The high frequency system generally refers to its operating
frequency to be bigger than 400MHz, the typical work frequency band
includes: 915MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz and so on. The high
frequency system also has the multitudinous international standard in
these frequency bands to support. The high frequency system
essential feature is the data quantity which the electronic label and
the microreader cost higher, in the label preserves bigger, the
reading distance farther (may amount to several meters to several
meters), the adaption object high speed movement performance is good,
the contour generally is the card shape, reads the antenna and the
electronic label antenna has a stronger directivity.
(4) RFID label type
The RFID label divides into the passive label (Passive
tags) and the driving label (Active tags) two kinds. Driving
label oneself has the battery power supply, reads/writes a distance
farther time volume bigger, compares the cost with the passive label
to be higher, also is called the active label, generally has the
farther reading distance, the deficiency is the battery cannot for a
long time use, after the energy exhausts must replace the battery.
The passive electronic label after receives the microwave signal
which the microreader (read-out device) sends out, works the partial
microwaves conversion of energy for the direct current for oneself,
generally may achieve exempts the maintenance, the cost lowers and has
the very long service life very much, compared to driving label
smaller also lighter, read-write distance then is nearer, also is
called the passive label. Compares the active system, the
passive system is away from and the adaption object velocity of
movement aspect in reading slightly has the limit.
According to memory information whether is rewritten, the label
is also divided into the read-only label (read only) and may the
read-write label (read and write)
In the read-only label information produces when the
integrated circuit soon the information reads in, later will not be
able to revise, could only read by the special equipment takes;
But the read-write label will preserve the information will read
in its internal the storage area, will need to rewrite when also will
be allowed to use the special programming or to read in the equipment
to scratch writes. Generally reads in the information the time
which the electronic label spends far to be bigger than reads takes
the time which the electronic label information spends, reads in time
which spends for second level, reading expenditure time for
millisecond level.
3rd, RFID technology characteristic and superiority
RFID is an item is easy to hold controls, simple is
practical also specially suitablly uses in the automated control
flexible application technology, the recognition work does not need
the manual intervention, it already may support the read-only working
pattern also to be possible to support the read-write working pattern,
also does not need to contact or the aiming; But freely works
under each kind of adverse circumstance: The short distance
radio frequency product did not fear the grease stains, the dust
pollution and so on the bad environment, may substitute the bar code,
for example uses in the factory assembly line tracks the object;
Long distance radio frequency product multipurpose in
transportation, the recognition distance may amount to several dozens
meters, like automatic charge or recognition vehicles status and so
on. Its has the unique superiority is other recognition
technologies is unable to hope to attain or equal.
Mainly has following several aspects:
Reads takes the convenience quickly: The data reads takes
does not need the photosource, even may penetrate the outside wrapping
to carry on. The effective recognition distance is bigger, uses
when brings the battery the driving label, effectively distinguishes
the distance to be possible to amount to above 30 meters;
Recognition speed quick: The label as soon as enters the
magnetic field, 解读 may read immediately takes information,
moreover can simultaneous working many labels, the realization batch
recognition;
Data capacity big: The data capacity biggest
two-dimensional bar code (PDF417), are most also only can save 2,725
numerals; If contains the letter, the reserves can be less;
The RFID label may need to expand according to the user to
dozens of K;
The service life is long, application scope broad: Its
radio traffic way, enables its to be allowed to be supposed to use in
the dust, the greasy dirt contour pollution environment and the
radioactive environment, moreover its enclosed packing causes its life
greatly to surpass printing the bar code;
The label data may the dynamic change: May to read in the
data using the programming, thus interactive entrusts with the RFID
label then to take along the data file the function, moreover reads in
the time to compare the printing bar code to be less;
Better security: Not only may insert or attach in the
different shape, on the type product, moreover may for the label data
read-write establishment password protection, thus has a higher
security;
Dynamic real-time communication: The label by and 解读
carries on the correspondence with each second 50 ~ 100 frequencies,
therefore so long as the RFID label is attaching the object appears in
解读 the effective recognition scope, may carry on dynamic tracing
and the monitoring to its position.
Second, RFID technology in intelligent transportation domain
application
Now along with the social economy development, the
urbanized advancement acceleration, the population rapidly gathers to
the city migration. Population, vehicles quantity unceasing
growth, but limited may use the land as well as the economical
essential factor restriction actually causes the urban road to expand
the increase to be limited, therefore inevitable brings a series of
transportation question. Now the world each place major and
medium city all has the transportation problem the puzzle. The
transportation will support stops up causes the people every day the
massive precious time consumption in the road, the vehicle,
simultaneously also caused the commercial vehicles to delay in the
transportation, increased the transportation cost. The
transportation 事故?also unceasingly rises, can bring the giant
personnel casualty and the economic loss every year. According
to the American department concerned forecast, to 2020, the economic
loss which US because the traffic accident will create can surpass 150
billion US dollars every year, but the Japanese Tokyo item reason
transportation will support stops up the economic loss which every
year will create will be 123 billion US dollars. In order to
solve day by day the serious transportation problem, the various
countries' government takes each kind of measure, like imposes heavy
taxes on to the automobile limits the automobile the quantity, the
implementation traffic control and so on strengthens the management.
But in has made each kind of attempt, after has spent the huge
management cost, the transportation condition is still difficult to
have fundamentally has a new look.
The people gradually realized to the transportation system is a
complex comprehensive system, alone considered from the path or the
vehicles angle, very will be all difficult to solve the transportation
problem, will have synthesizes the vehicles and the path, considered
how under the limited path resources condition, will enhance the path
resources the use factor, now at last solves the question key.
Meanwhile later period the information technology swift and
violent development and the widespread application also has given on
solution mentality since on century to provide the effective technical
method support. Under such background, the intelligent
transportation concept application lives, becomes the research
application the hot spot.
The so-called intelligence transportation system will be refers
to the advanced information technology, the electronic communication
technology, the automatic control technology, the computer technology
as well as the network technology and so on organically utilizes one
kind which will establish to the entire transportation management
system real-time, accurate, the highly effective transportation
synthesis management and the control system. It is, through the
system integration which is composed by certain subsystems the path,
the pilot and the vehicles organically unifies in together,
strengthens three between the relation. With the aid of carries
on to the system intelligent technology each kind of transportation
way information and the path condition the registration, the
collection, the analysis, and through the long-distance communication
and the information technology, real-time provides these information
to the need people, strengthens the traffic safety, reduces the
running time, and instruction driving route. Simultaneously the
administrative personnel through gathers the vehicles, the pilot and
the path real-time information enhances its management efficiency,
achieves the full use transportation resources the goal.
RFID takes one kind of emerging automatic diagnosis technology,
because has the long-distance range recognition, may save carries more
information, reads takes the speed quickly, may the application scope
be broad and so on the merit, extremely suits in the intelligent
transportation and the stop control aspect uses. At present RFID
already started in the transportation domain gradually to succeed the
promoted application, and has obtained the good society and the
economic efficiency, its application prospect identically favored for
the professional. In intelligent transportation domain, RFID
main application in below aspect:
(1), the electron does not stop the charge (ETC)
The electron does not stop the charge system (Electronic
Toll Collection, is called ETC) is one kind uses in the road, the
bridge and the tunnel electronic automatic charge system. It
applies the RFID technology, carries between the electronic label
through the roadside antenna and the vehicle the special-purpose short
distance communication, in does not need the driver to stop adopts any
operation with other charge personnel in the situation, automatically
completes the charge to process the entire process. Does not
stop the charge to involve the transportation infrastructure
investment the recycling, also is alleviated charge station traffic
jam the effective method, moreover collects fees the card amount used
very in a big way in the use, therefore each country all first invests
does not stop the charge system application system development, and
positively promotes, at present applied in Europe and America already
quite is mature, universal, our country also already in places on the
such as Guangdong, Sichuan highway invested the application.
Does not stop through the application the charge system to be
allowed to enhance through the efficiency, prevented charge station
transportation "bottleneck" the occurrence, simultaneously realizes
nobody through the RFID technology for the intervention charge,
effectively contained has stolen runs away the road toll, the charge
personnel is derelict, follows privately cheats and so on the
behavior, simultaneously reduced the management cost which the charge
stood, quickly took back the infrastructure the investment.
(2) customs wharf electron car license system (EVI):
The quantity giant cargo in the harbor wharf and customs'
loading and unloading, the turnover port, goes through customs, the
quite major part is a method which transports with the vehicles
achievement. Therefore in harbor wharf and customs intercourse
vehicles multitudinous, also possibly belongs to the customs, the
boating company, a ship generation of company, a goods generation of
company, the port bureau, the container airfield and so on the
different profession different unit, if does not adopt the unification
the measure to be very difficult to dispatch the management, for goes
through customs and the cargo pasts brings the very major difficulty.
Uses the electronic car license management system management
system which the RFID technology realizes to be able effective
solution this question.
This system through to the intercourse vehicles unification
management registration, provides the vehicle to carry the electronic
label, and 监控?places the RFID knowledge in the key difference
to read the equipment, may cause to install the electronic car license
the supervising and managing vehicles when through monitors the
channel, may distinguish the system accurate prompt recognition,
completes the vehicles data acquisition the request.
Simultaneously uses the vehicles information which information
technology and so on wireless communication will gather to submit the
management system management system, will complete the vehicles status
the confirmation, as well as the inquiry and the statistics, function
and so on dispatch. Through may effectively sharpen the customs
vehicles travelling capability using the customs wharf electron car
license system, the real-time statistical monitor vehicles
information, prevented examines by mistake, leaks examines, enhances
goes through customs the efficiency, simultaneously may prevent to
organize behavior and so on larceny, attack smuggling.
(3), municipal transportation dispatch management system
management system (TMS):
The vehicles dispatch management system management system is the
intelligence transportation system core constituent, uses the advanced
information communication technology, collects the road traffic the
tendency, the static information, and carries on real-time analyzes,
and according to analyzes the result to arrange the vehicles the
travel route, goes on a journey the time, achieved the full use
limited transportation resources, enhances the vehicles the use
efficiency, simultaneously also may understand the vehicles movement
situation, strengthens the vehicles the management.
The RFID technology may take traffic scheduling system
information gathering the effective method, can apply in the traffic
scheduling management system management system. For instance the
use applies RFID to the public transportation cart yard management
system management system, may realize the public transportation
vehicle turnover station automatically, the information, is accurate,
the long-distance range, does not stop gathering, causes the public
transportation dispatcher system accurately to grasp the real-time
dynamic information which the public transportation parking lot public
transportation vehicle passes in and out. Through implements
this system to be possible effectively to enhance the public
transportation vehicle the management level, carries on the research
analysis to the gathering data using the computer, may grasp the
vehicles utilization rule, ceases loophole which in the vehicles
management exists, realization public transportation vehicles
intellectualized management, promotes the city image.
Simultaneously uses RFID to have the very high efficiency as the
technical method, with the whole world satellite positioning system
(GPS) and so on the technology compares has the installment
conveniently, the compatibility strong, the cost is low, the vehicles
do not need to transform and so on the characteristic.
Simultaneously some areas and the city also start RFID to apply
to trash carrier vehicle, the dangerous material carrier vehicle and
so on the special service vehicles dispatch and the management.
Through places the electronic label on the vehicle, 监控?
the laying aside knowledge reads the equipment in the specific road
section to monitor the vehicles whether defers to the stipulation the
route travel, when has divulges and so on the situation appears the
prompt discovery accident vehicles.
(4), electronic registration management (EVR):
Since the vehicles registration registration as well as the
license plate management always all has been the traffic control
department's management also is with emphasis the difficulty is at,
black question and so on vehicle, vacation license plate all has not
throughout obtained eradicates. Perhaps but the new technology
can change simply, uses the RFID technology realization vehicles
electron registration management system management system is effective
addressing one of this question methods. After the vehicles
registration registration increase the RFID electron car license,
because each label all has global only ID number - UID, UID is when
the manufacture chip puts in ROM, is unable to revise, therefore may
realize guards against the false function. Simultaneously the
label may by the long-distance range recognition, not need to stop and
to think the intervention may censor, therefore may the standard
vehicles management method, strengthen to the vehicles censorship
dynamics, realizes intellectualized management which the vehicles year
examines, strengthens to the illegal vehicles attack dynamics.
Now this system already in aspect and so on military vehicle
obtained the application, has obtained the good society and the
economic efficiency.
(5), calls the heavy system based on the RFID vehicles
intelligence
Through called the heavy system and the long-distance
range RFID automatic diagnosis technology union may realize based on
the vehicles intelligence calls the heavy system. This system
attached on the original name heavy management system management
system has used the long-distance range RFID automatic diagnosis
realization the symmetry heavy vehicles automatic diagnosis function,
and automatically will gather the name heavy vehicles information
merged to calls in the heavy management system management system.
The application intelligence called the heavy management system
management system may enhance called the heavy efficiency, reduces the
vehicles to wait the examining place pause to wait for, simultaneously
might effectively prevent through the vehicle number automatic
diagnosis and the precise measurement artificial corrupted practices
for the economic loss which brought. In addition, after the
system implementation also greatly reduced staff's labor intensity and
the artificial name heavy fault rate. Therefore based on the
RFID vehicles intelligence called the heavy system has realized the
recognition, the measurement, the monitoring perfect union. This
system may nimbly apply the transportation to be very various, like
heavy governs the overload in the high speed street intersection
automatic name, may speed up the vehicles in the code prime commodity
collection and distribution center to count the heavy speed, reduces
supports stops up and so on, has the huge application value.
Third, using RFID realization stop control
The urban economy and the automobile industry rapid
development, the city automobile private vehicle quantity increases
sharply in particular, the huge stream of vehicles enters the city
family. But because the parking lot and stops reason and so on
facility construction lag, stops difficultly, the stop control
difficult question also following, in some upscale communities, the
enterprise, the government apparatus contradiction is in particular
day by day prominent, the stop control is full of loopholes, the
vehicle owner and the property and so on the stop control side dispute
is unceasing. Uses the wireless radio frequency to distinguish
the RFID technology union picture digital processing, the automatic
control intelligent parking lot management system management system
may the effective addressing above stop control question.
System characteristic
The intelligent cart yard system can effective, be
accurate, the intelligence (is loaded with electronic car license
vehicles) and the non- system vehicles (has not been loaded with
electronic car license vehicles) the data message recognition,
gathering, the recording and according to must pass on, processing,
and when necessity may carry on the supplement through the
corresponding manual intervention, avoids the unusual event (non-
system vehicle passes in and out when) the influence, guarantees
门禁 the system to have the highly effective vehicles intelligence
to allow to pass the ability, in addition through correct design,
installment to the turnover parking lot system vehicles, Only
must be allowed simultaneously to complete the vehicles with identical
frequency on many traffic lanes not to stop pass through but mutually
does not disturb.
Below RFID applies to the stop control mainly has the essential
technology: The vehicle carries the electronic label;
Traffic lane microwave antenna; Charge traffic lane
controller; Special-purpose junction service DSRC
When this pulling-in of vehicle/门禁 antenna
correspondence zone time, the antenna carries on the bidirectional
data exchange by the microwave communication way and the electronic
recognition card, embraces from the electronic vehicle reads takes the
vehicles the related information, embraces in the driver reads takes
driver's related information, automatic diagnosis electron compartment
and driver card and judgement compartment are whether effective and
the driver card validity, traffic lane control computer demonstration
and this electronic compartment and driver card 11 material
information and so on correspondences car license numbers and pilot;
The traffic lane control computer will be automatic the pass
time passage period, the vehicles and pilot's related information
stores in the database, the traffic lane control computer basis will
read the data will carry on the judgement as follows: 1st,
normal card: When reads the vehicle trademark and the driver
card all is legitimate, the active gate automatically opens, after the
vehicles leave coil 1, active gate automatic shut-off; 2nd, has
not been authorized the card: When reads the compartment or the
driver card are the authorization, the system reports to the police
and grasps pats the preserved picture, the activity 门闸 does not
open; 3rd, does not have the truck: When vehicles trigger
winding 2, when the system has not read the compartment and the
driver card, the system determines for does not have the truck, the
system reports to the police and grasps pats the preserved picture,
the active gate does not open; 4th, illegal card: Non-
this unit card, although is read the card readout, but is not this
unit, the system reports to the police and grasps pats the preserved
picture, the active gate does not open.
May realize the vehicles automatic diagnosis and the information
management using this system, enhances the vehicles the general
efficiency and the security, and the statistical vehicles difference
data, facilitates the administrative personnel to carry on the
dispatch, reduces administrative personnel's labor intensity, and
effectively prevents the charge loophole. The parking lot
intelligence management system management system will be the
intelligent building or the intelligence residential district normal
operation essential condition, to the plot modernized civilization
construction, stably controls, the management vehicles turnover,
fairly strictly carries on the charge, guaranteed checks the vehicles
the security and so on, has played the very major role. The
future parking lot larger-scale, the complication, the
intellectualization, the system administration also more open, will be
more flexible, will bring into line with the parking lot management
system management system the building automated system, will form a
computer management information system, enable the plot the synthesis
management to obtain the comprehensive enhancement.
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