> The straight line electrical machinery is one
kind of novel electrical machinery, the magnetism floats with the
straight line electrical machinery union draws out some new
technologies, like magnetism aerosol train; Production
transportation line and so on.
The straight line electrical machinery mainly is the straight
line electric motor, it is one kind changes into the electrical energy
direct extension the translation mechanical energy, but does not need
any buffering organization the transmission device. It is in
20th century next half electrician domain has the new principle, the
new theory new technology, it has the superiority, more and more has
especially suddenly brought to people's attention.
The straight line electrical machinery structure may according
to need to make flat, the cylinder or the plate and so on each kind of
pattern, it may use the alternating current supply, the direct-current
power supply or the pulse power source and so on each kind of power
source carries on the work. The straight line electrical
machinery may pull in several seconds several metric ton heavy
helicopters to each hours several hundred kilometer speeds, it moves
when the vacuum, its speed may amount to several thousand up to ten
thousand kilometers. In military, the people use it to make each
kind of electromagnetism artillery, and attempts it to use in the
missile, the rocket launch; In the industry domain, the straight
line electrical machinery uses in to produce the transportation line,
as well as each kind crosswise or in vertical movement some mechanical
devices; The straight line electrical machinery except high
speed has, outside the big thrust force characteristic also has the
low speed, the fine another characteristic, for example, step enters
the straight line electrical machinery, it may achieve a step of
distance is 1 mu m precision, therefore, the straight line electrical
machinery is applied to many precise instrumentation equipment in,
for example computer magnetic head drive, photographic camera shutter,
automatic plotter, medical instrument, astronautics flying instrument,
each kind of self-reacting device equipment and so on. In
addition, the straight line electrical machinery also uses in various
civil installment, like the gate, the window, the table, the chair
migration, the door lock, the electrically operated window blind
start, shuts and so on, especially in transportation shipping
industry, the people used the straight line electrical machinery to
make the speed to reach above 500km the magnetism to float the train.
The magnetism floats the technology is one kind of non- contact
technology, it may in revolve obtains many applications with the
translation in.
Its application merit is:
1st, the non- contact type application, 无磨? 摩, the
vibration noise large drop, the life is long;
2nd, the special occasion application, like the vacuum, the high
temperature, the low temperature, the steam, biological in vivo and so
on the special application, does not harm the original body;
3rd, must control the situation application, like the position,
too fast, control and so on vibration quite is easy;
4th, has some special occasion applications: If memory,
study, judgement ability ability, running status surveillance, record,
diagnosis ability and so on;
5th, controllable strength distribution application: If
the magnetism floats the vehicle, the magnetism floats the bearing
each position strength the distribution and the control.
Its future development tendency mainly will be:
1st, controlled as the main body control magnetism floats the
technology take DSP to obtain more applications;
2nd, the permanent-magnet material, the superconductivity
material floated in the technology in the magnetism to obtain the
further application;
3rd, control theory and so on multi- control of variable
promoted the magnetism to float technical the development;
4th, the computer development popularization, the ultra large
scale integrated circuit, the new material development, the space
development, the technology highly melts, the diversification as well
as the energy conservation environmental protection and so on all
floated the technology to the magnetism to set the request.
The magnetism floats the technology has many classifications and
the corresponding application according to the magnet and the
conductor different combination, the magnetism floats the train merely
is a concrete application.
Floated the technology by the straight line electrical machinery
and the magnetism to constitute the magnetism to float the train the
main body. The different pattern straight line electrical
machinery and the magnetism floated the technology to constitute the
different pattern magnetism to float the train.
The magnetism floated the train to change the traditional track
vehicles to depend on the wheel track friction force advancement the
way, used the magnetic force aerosol chassis, the straight line
motor-driven technology, caused the train 上浮 to slide in the
track, in the transportation technological development was a
significant breakthrough, by the reputation was the 21st century one
kind of ideal transportation vehicle. The magnetism floats the
train and the existing conventional train compares, its prominent
merit main performance is:
1st, the speed is quick, the speed may reach above 500km;
2nd, is safe, not overturns a vehicle the danger which or is
derailed;
3rd, does not have the pollution, rides comfortably, non- wheel
track contact noise and vibration;
4th, 占地 small, but high structure also to track load-bearing
request low, thus 占地 are less;
5th, to complex terrain compatibility stronger, climbing power
strong, the radius of turn is small;
6th, the construction cost is not high, the overall construction
is easy to service, energy conservation.
The magnetism floats the train floats the technology according
to its different pattern straight line electrical machinery and the
magnetism to be possible to divide into two kinds:
1st, Chang Daoxi floating
With the common conductor coil, by the opposite sex
magnetic pole mutual attraction principle, generally by synchronized
or the asynchronous straight line direct motor drive, this kind of
kind of magnetism floats the train, often is called Chang Daoxi the
floating magnetism to float the train, take Germany as the main
representative. The speed may according to need to design is
100km/h or 500km/h. The magnetism floats highly generally in
10mm.
2nd, the superconductivity reprimands floating
With the low temperature superconductivity coil,
repulses the principle by the like pole, generally floats the train by
the synchronized straight line direct motor drive magnetism, often is
called the superconductivity to reprimand the floating magnetism to
float the train. Take Japan as the main representative.
The speed general is high speed is many, namely above 500km/h.
The magnetism floats highly may reach above 100mm.
The magnetism floats the train the development direction, may
divide into the low speed, the medium speed and the high speed three
ways, see Table 1
The development low speed magnetism floats the reason,
one is the traditional subway system construction cost suddenly rises;
Two is the electric power electronic technology and the control
technology development. These two reasons enable it to have the
competitive ability with the traditional subway.
The magnetism floats the train the superiority to bring to the
world many developed countries attention, invested this to study and
to experiment has Germany, Japan, US, Russia, France, England, Canada,
South Korea and Switzerland, Sweden and so on, some state investments
are huge. Germany and Japan are in the world the magnetism
floats the train to study and to develop the strongest country, they
in domestic constructed the multi- strip experiment line, our country
Shanghai water's edge east line have mainly introduced Germany's
technology.
Our country from the 80's beginnings, in the situation which the
national investment few funds subsidizes, the minority universities,
the scientific research unit developed Chang Daoci to float the train
the basic research experimental work, southwest Jiaotong University
developed 4 tons testing cars and University of National Defense and
Science developed 6 tons testing cars have successively realized the
success movement. In September, 1994 Academia Sinica convened
the magnetism in the Beijing Xiangshan to float the train topic
conference, proposed had vigorously to develop our country magnetism
to float the train technology the research and the development.
The national science committee has given the support to this
aspect soft topic, and has included "95" and "15" in the significant
technical plan. In addition, country and so on our country and
Japan, Germany, Russia floats the train in the magnetism the technical
system exchange aspect, communicates many. 1,995 to 1996, the
Japanese enterprise and Zhejiang Province, Shanghai as well as the our
country parties concerned contacted many times, established a
magnetism Shanghai to Hangzhou between to float the train commercial
travel line the possibility to carry on discussed many times, and by
the national science committee, the Ministry of Railways and Academia
Sinica, the Zhejiang University, southwest Jiaotong University,
University of National Defense and Science and so on was composed "the
magnetism to float the train significant technology economic problem
research" the soft topic, has conducted the research. In 1997,
the national science committee, Ministry of Railways entrusted the
Zhejiang University and the Japanese industry convenes the magnetism
in the Hangzhou Zhejiang University to float the train international
academic seminar together, in the world the nearly all developments
magnetism floats the train the country all to participate in this
conference. The Shanghai magnetism floating wire establishment,
floated the transportation technology aspect for our country in the
magnetism the research to develop and to develop has provided a good
beginning.
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