When the integrated circuit replaces the electron tube and the semiconductor transistor initial period, in 1959 American Nobel prize winner Charlie 费曼 (Richard Phillips Feynman), predicted at the American physics annual meeting which the US California Institute of Technology convened that, "If the people can come up the processing material in the atomic/member criterion, the manufacture installment, will be able some many exciting recent discovery, the people will be able to open a brand-new world." Today, 费曼 this prediction sixth branch after starts to realize, this is the present is all the rage global a nanotechnology.

The so-called nanotechnology, is refers in 0.1 - 100 nanometer scopes, the research electron, atomic and the molecular inherent laws and the characteristic, and use in to make each kind of material a brand-new comprehensive science and technology. Among: 1 nanometer was equal to 1/1 billion meter, the such small space, is in fact the constituent archery target fundamental unit, atomic and the molecular space. When the material quilt "the smashing" is tiny to a nanometer level and makes "a nanometer material", not only the light, the electricity, the heat, the magnetism changes, moreover has the radiation, the absorption, the adsorption and so on many new characteristics. Has invented the electronic scanning tunnel microscope since the beginning of the 80's, the world was born to nanometer to make the unit a microcosm research discipline - nanometer science, entered for the 90's, a nanometer science obtained the rapid development, has produced a nanometer material study, a nanometer chemical industry study, nanometer mechanics, nanometer biology and so on, from this the nanotechnology product which produced also emerges one after another incessantly, and started to involve the automobile profession. A nanotechnology is the core technology which the automobile develops. A nanotechnology can apply from the automobile body to the wheel, nearly has covered the automobile complete. A nanotechnology on the automobile widespread application, will reduce the automobile various parts to wear, reduces the automobile consumption, will reduce the automobilism cost; In certain degree, but also can eliminate the automobile exhaust pollution, the improvement discharges. Now many automobiles product started to use a nanotechnology, small nanometer will cause the automobile to have the enormous change.

First, the vehicle will make the application plastic quantity with the plastic rubber automobile more and more to be many. A nanometer plastic may change the traditional plastic the characteristic, presents the outstanding physical performance: Intensity high, thermal stability strong, the proportion is smaller. Because the nanometer granule size is smaller than the visible light wave length, a nanometer plastic may demonstrate the good transparency and a higher glossiness, such nanometer plastic will have the widespread use on the automobile. After the nanotechnology processing partial materials resistance to wear is the brass 27 time, steel and iron 7 times. The automobile uses the rubber to be biggest by the tire amount used. In in the tire rubber production, the rubber helps medicinal preparation majority of Cheng Fenti the shape, like the carbon black, the white carbon black and so on make up the strong auxiliaries, the promoter, the antioxidant and so on. Says by the powder body shape matter, nanometer is the present stage main development tendency. In fact, a nanometer material and the rubber industry originally relate namely is quite close, the majority of rubber powder help the medicinal preparation particle size all or approach the nanometer material scope in the nanometer material scope, for example carbon black particle size approximately 11 ~ 500nm; White carbon black particle size in 11 ~ 110nm. Uses a nanometer material in the rubber product production, used the carbon black from at the beginning of 20th century to make up strongly started, the 40's developed the successful nanometer white carbon black to make up the strong rubber manufacture tire. At present in the world the famous tire factory gradually uses the white carbon black to replace the carbon black manufacture green tire and the energy conservation tire, has substituted for 5% ~ 10% carbon black according to the investigation. The new generation of nanotechnology has succeeded utilizes other nanometer granules achievement to help the medicinal preparation, but no longer limits in the use carbon black or the white carbon black, like ZnO, CaCO3, Al2CO3, TiO2 and so on, the biggest change is, the tire color no longer only is restricted in the black, but can have diverse the bright color. Moreover regardless of in performance and so on intensity, resistance to wear or anti- aging, the new nanometer tire compares the traditional tire to come outstanding, for example the tire side rubber anti- fissure performance from 100,000 time will enhance to 500,000. In addition, the American general automobile and the Mongte North America company has at present succeeded the development to new goods come into the market a generation of nanometer plastic material, called it the polyolefine thermosplastic elastomer, it is one kind of high performance polyolefine product, becomes the rubber elasticity under the normal temperature, has the density slightly, curving big, the low temperature anti- impact performance high, is easy to process, may to duplicate uses and so on the characteristic. The polyolefine thermosplastic elastomer the application most greatly potential market is substitutes for the polyvinyl-chloride in the vehicle to apply to the large-scale fitting, compares with the polyvinyl-chloride, besides may recycle, but also has bears the ultraviolet ray, the luster for a long time stably, the quality is lighter and so on the merit. The correlation industry forecast, in the future 20 years, the nanometer level compound material fitting massively will substitute for the existing vehicle with the plastic product, will have the suitable market potential. This product is quite widespread in automobile fitting application domain. Outside the automobile in the support, mainly uses in the bumper bar, the radiator, the chassis, the automobile body 外板, the wheel 护罩, the sliding roof and other protection block glues, keeps out the wind the block glue and so on. In the assorted items, mainly uses in the display board and in plays the part of the board, the security aerocyst material and so on. Chart 2, a carbon nanometer tube will serve as the rotor the nanometer motor picture () the automobile application plastic quantity more and more to be slightly many. The nanometer material not only strengthens the function in plastic application, moreover also can change the traditional plastic the characteristic, for example, nanometer granule size small, the diaphaneity is good, joins in the plastic to cause the plastic to change very much compactly, causes the plastic to present the outstanding physical performance: The intensity high, the thermal stability strong, the proportion is smaller. Because the nanometer granule size is smaller than the visible light wave length, a nanometer plastic may demonstrate the good transparency and a higher glossiness. In addition, the traditional plastic anti- aging energy balance, affects its promoted use. This is because in the sunlight ultraviolet ray wave length between 200 ~ 400nm, this wave band is easy to cause the high polymer the molecular chain break, thus causes the material to get older, but so long as increases in the plastic material can absorb the ultraviolet ray a nanometer granule, namely can solve this problem, like SiO2, TiO2 and so on. Every this all sorts, obviously nanometer plastic on automobile application widespread.

Second, the vehicle with baking varnish coating automobile baking varnish flaking and the aging, is creates the automobile artistic degree to change the difference the primary factor, take gets older as the variable which is thorny also controls with difficulty. The influence baking varnish gets older factor very many, but most essential when is in the sunlight the ultraviolet ray, is similar to a section to state, the ultraviolet ray is easy to cause the material the molecular chain break, then causes the material performance to get older, the high polymer plastic like is, the organic coating also like is. More detailed said, because the ultraviolet ray can cause in the coating mainly to become the membrane matter the molecular chain break, forms extremely in a lively way 游离�? these 游离�?further cause entire mainly becomes the membrane matter member chain the decomposition, finally causes the coating aging deterioration. Speaking of the organic coating, because the ultraviolet ray is in all factors, most has corrosive, therefore if can avoid the ultraviolet ray the function, then may largely enhance the baking varnish to bear the aged performance. At present most can effectively camouflage the ultraviolet ray the material, the head pushes a TiO2 nanometer granule. A TiO2 nanometer granule is one of at the end of 1980s development main nanometer materials. The nanometer TiO2 optics effect changes along with the particle size, nanometer rutile TiO2 has in particular along with the angle changes color the effect, is in the automobile baking varnish is most important and most has the development future to change the nature material. Nanometer TiO2 scatters to the ultraviolet ray shield primarily, the particle size affects one of scattering power important attributes. Obtains by the theory inferential reasoning, the nanometer TiO2 particle size between 65 ~ 130nm, it is best to the ultraviolet ray scattering effect. But uses a nanometer paint, prevented when collision slightly scratches the appearance, automobile manufacturer 戴姆�?- Chrysler Corporation announced on the other day, year's end uses one kind of automobile body spurts spreads with the new nanometer paint from 2003, prevented when collision slightly scratches appearance. This company scientific researcher passes through this kind of nanometer paint which more than 4 years researches and develops, may in spurt spreads after on the automobile body to form a compact network structure, during includes many small ceramic pellets. Through the experiment which carries on to 150 automobiles indicated, this kind of nanometer paint not only the radiance outdoes 40% compared to the traditional paint, moreover when automobile body with other object slight collisions, it prevented scratches the performance which appears also to have the traditional paint to be much better than. The fresh paint in will run quickly to the near future E, S and SLK and so in many series passenger vehicle uses, and will start from 2004 on this company other all series passenger vehicle to use this kind of new nanometer paint.

Third, the vehicle with the exhaust catalyst material along with developing nation economy and so on the China continues largely to grow, the global automobile holds the quantity also year by year to climb, but grows the automobile exhaust contamination concern is day by day serious, has become the important topic which the various countries' government pays attention. Installs the catalyst switch, is at present solves the automobile exhaust pollution fundamental mode. Uses in the catalyst which the automobile exhaust purifies to have many kinds, but the mainstream is by the precious metal platinum, the arrowhead used in ancient times, the rhodium took three Yuan catalyst, it discharges in the waste gas to the automobile CO, HC, NOx has the very high catalyst transformation efficiency. But the precious metal has: (1) the resources scarce, obtains is not easy, the price is expensive; (2) is easy to have Pb, S, P is poisoned, but causes characteristic and so on catalyst expiration. Therefore in under the maintenance good transformation effect premise, are partial or completely substitutes for the precious metal, seeks other high performance catalyst materials to become the inevitable tendency. Substitutes for the precious metal take the nanometer level rare earth material to do as the catalyst, is one of present development tendencies. Rare-earth element function unique, atomic structure special activeness is high, nearly may have the function with all elements, thus has the unique catalysis and the nature. Joins in the precious metal catalyst it to be possible largely to enhance the precious metal catalyst the toxin immunity to be able, the high temperature stability, simultaneously may reduce the precious metal amount used, therefore the rare-earth element may say is the quite ideal automobile exhaust catalyst or it helps the medicinal preparation. Moreover, after because the material makes a nanometer pellet to have the surface and light-sized and so on the effect causes the material performance to have the sudden change, thus has other more outstanding performance, therefore makes the rare earth material a nanometer granule, will apply has the effect to the automobile catalyst switch which other materials will be unable to compare. At present our country already developed one kind with the nanotechnology manufacture emulsifier, joined the gasoline after the certain proportion, might cause to look like a Sangtana kind of passenger vehicle to reduce 10% about the oil consumption. Makes one pay attention, the nanotechnology application on the fuel cell, may save the massive costs. Because a nanometer material has outstanding under the room temperature condition stores the hydrogen ability, according to tests the result, under the room temperature atmospheric pressure, approximately 2/3 hydrogen prefers by to be able to release from these nanometer materials, may not need the expensive ultralow temperature liquid hydrogen to store up the installment. Wuhan University chemistry and the molecular academy of science has obtained the breakthrough in the nanometer level titanium dioxide research aspect. Uses the Wuhan University patent technology production nanometer level titanium dioxide, its cost only has the overseas cost 1/about 4. Nanometer level titanium dioxide being published is on the century 80's later period a titanium dioxide research area new progress. The date, the US scientist discovered this matter may widely apply to the high-quality passenger vehicle 金属�?面漆 and so on the aspect. Japan already establishes the spreading nanometer level titanium dioxide in the highway two sides and the tunnel the photochemical catalysis board 除氮 oxide compound to guard against the automobile exhaust. At present, in the world only has the minority several companies to be able to produce the nanometer level titanium dioxide.

The synthesis above may know, future the automobile technology development, will have enormous to dispense the nanotechnology close correlation, certainly, if will be able automobile all spots all nanometer, its attachment value inevitably greatly to increase, but relative will say, its cost and the selling price also largely will enhance. Therefore, until now, true nanometer also 商业�?the auto parts very were still limited. But without a doubt, the automobile industry is the modern industry important symbol, a nanotechnology will apply to the future automobile technology development will be a inevitable trend, also surely will be able to become the guarantee which the automobile technology will promote. Believes in the near future, a nanotechnology will certainly in the automobile manufacture domain to obtain a more widespread application. Reference: L. Chico, V. H. Crespi, L. X. Benedict, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1,996) 971 "Mixing Nanotube Structures to Make a Tiny Switch," R. F. Service, Science 271 (1,996) 1232.