Outline
The disperser control system English compilation is DCS,
it is the computer technology and the automation technological
development result. The unit capacity unceasingly increases, the
parameter unceasingly enhances, was the DCS application has created
the vast world; Along with the DCS system widespread use, has
provided the powerful safeguard for the unit security economy
movement. Unit's control mode comprehensive reflects the
automated level the height, then early hot working automation level
low, personnel quality low, mainly adopts the disperser operating
mode, the surveillance AND-OPERATION disperses in the scene, this
control mode only adapts the low parameter, low-power unit, labor
intensity big, the security is bad. After 20th century 50's
intermediate stages, entered the local control development phase,
because the unit universal mother control movement way, therefore
correspondingly used the boiler, the steam engine, has given Shui
Chuyang and so on the partial centralized control; The 60's use
in the thermoelectric power station surveillance the electronic
accounting machine technology and the control, appeared machine, the
stove, the electricity common control; At the beginning of the
70's have developed the programmable control load (PLC); The
80's along with the control technology, the computer technology, the
communication technology and the CRT technology and so on the
high-tech development, overseas developed the microcomputer to
disperse the control system (DCS) and apply the thermoelectric power
station one after another; The 90's because the microprocessor
and its the ultra large scale integrated circuit (the VLSI technology
development, DCS along with the computer technology, fault-tolerant
technical and the man-machine connection technology, the window
technology, the interactive graph appearance, as well as the
standardized data communication network and the artificial
intelligence development, is DCS to the integration, the opening
development. DCS in domestic profession and so on electric
power, petrification, food universal application. Mainly is it
has the versatility strongly, system configuration nimble, control
function consummation data processing convenient, demonstrated
operation centralism, man-machine contact surface friendly,
installment simple standardization, debugging convenient, moves the
reliable characteristic, has become the universal equipment along with
our country electric power profession development DCS, regardless of
is the small unit which the big unit or heats, the application is more
and more widespread. Corresponding also needs the heat control
personnel to its equipment line service to change the original
thinking mode, the adaption modernization need to develop.
Presently carries on the elaboration on for several years
production maintenance experience.
1st, line service
1.1 processes channels breakdown process
channel breakdown appears is I/O card breakdown which most are many:
I/O card breakdown general judgement and processing, through the
system diagnosis, replaces the channel or through replacement spare
processing, gets older the damage as for its internal component which
perhaps other reasons creates, the general heat control personnel not
good judges. I/O card overhaul generally is by factory
processing, the present heat controls overhauls personnel's method not
to be able to achieve likes the overhaul convention measuring
appliance such overhaul. Moreover produces the factory I/O card
system to create integrated the tendency, like this only can purchase
the spare parts. Is good only is appears many, in the normal
operation in this kind of breakdown in the debugging stage appears the
probability to be very low. A part or the control device appear
the breakdown sometimes not to be able directly to discover by the
operator that, after only has exceptionally or reports to the police
only then informs hotly to control the personnel to process.
Like this to overhauls the personnel and the movement
personnel's quality request must enhance, the movement personnel wants
in detail to introduce around the breakdown the condition is
advantageous for hotly controls overhauls the personnel to be able to
be fast, accurately to process the flaw, reduces the breakdown the
magnification, moreover many DCS factory all supports the card heat in
the product propaganda to dial, does is the control personnel,
replaces the card when the movement certainly must complete the safe
protective measure otherwise to be able to cause the system change or
the load change, especially digital quantity card.
1.2 regarding operator station dying machine
regardless of the domestic product and the import equipment all have
the correlation the report, then investigates its reason quite many,
hard disk or card breakdown, cooling fan load overweight and so on,
sometimes can have the artificial operation phenomenon, generally
takes off costume when the revision control logic software to open
again the equipment or forces the equipment protection signal, is
easiest to have the operation event, light then equipment unusual, the
heavy piece easy to create the equipment to suspend shipment the
consequence to be extremely serious; Opens again after dying
machine, when different factory start asks differently, are few then
several dozens seconds, many pieces of several minutes, the artificial
this operation occur the breakdown in the security event does not hold
the very great proportion in the hot working specialty, especially
causes in the operation highly takes, to reduce the artificial
breakdown.
1.3 balls signs operation is not normal, generally
is because the mechanism long lasting work, the aging, the pollution,
the spot reliably pass absolutely not, the electric cable plug-in unit
jail and so on such does not need to trade the inspection then.
1.4 control operations malfunction: Is
because the ball sign operation signal not normal change process
channel condition, creates the operation to expire, this is 2 aspects
creates, an aspect is the software flaw, on the other hand is the
hardware itself breakdown condition is normal after such flaw usual
procedure inspection process channel function, when again look-up
operation far necessity carries on is heavy the initial operation.
1.5 mainly is the keyboard contact not good signal
electric cable becomes less crowded either the main engine regarding
the thin film keyboard moves the keyboard or the start by mistake is
incomplete all may cause its function not normally to apply in view of
different situation processing.
1.6 printers do not work generally are because
disposes the reason, such breakdown should inspect the printer the
establishment and its the hardware whether normally do carry on
processing. The report form software function not strong mainly
displays in because the printer printing report form and SOE and so on
creates dying machine, or when printer SOE recording asks with the
actual situation not symbol; After the SOE printing browsing
cannot return to the historical curve; The SOE time order
sometimes the deviation very is not identically big, when this can
delay the accident analysis progress, sometimes also can mislead the
analysis direction, the SOE question is already unreasonable with the
system design, SOE not completely concentrates on DPU related, also
does not concern with system hardware and the software design
consideration week. This kind of breakdown appearance, through
the analysis thought this mainly is considers not too perfectly to the
power plant overall aspect, insufficiently is also careful in the
small aspect can appear like this such breakdown, must earnestly treat
in view of this kind of situation, does not let off 蛛丝马迹,
earnestly studies with the factory proposed the question further
consummates, lets this system serve well for the production.
1.7 power failures: Power failure question
more, the insurance disposition is unreasonable, the emergency power
supply cannot turn oneself in, the power source undulation causes the
protection to move and not not good to meet the plug contact by
mistake to be easy to create without the power source. Relative
quite is easy in view of power failure processing. First,
earnestly checks the safe disposition and the capacity, truly plays
the insurance role; Next, the UPS equipment is very important,
it may undulates when the power source also be able to guarantee the
system normal power supply, moreover must consider redundant and the
spare question.
1.8 disturbances creates breakdown: Mainly is
earths the question regarding the disturbance, emergency power supply
cut and high efficiency wireless communication facility like handset,
intercom and so on. Moreover also has the DCS system the
unwanted signal possibly to create by itself. Then more and more
brings to people's attention regarding the DCS system earth question,
especially in the electric power profession, the high efficiency
electric appliance equipment start and stops being able to disturb DCS
the control signal, creates the nonessential breakdown. For the
interference protection signal string enters the system, the strict
execution shields and earths the request and the way, the holding wire
is far away the noise source, simultaneously adopts guards against the
power source undulation measure. Host/from process processor
when unit movement, only if 万不得以, the important person is not
the cut as far as possible, has guarded against has the disturbance,
if must cut, should take the measure, first will control cuts
manually, in order to avoid will have the influence to the unit
movement operating mode. To the electronic installation asked,
engineer stands and so on the key spot, should absolutely forbid the
use high efficiency radio traffic equipment.
2nd, movement management
The DCS system movement management is refers to the
system inspecting, the hot working protection throws draws back, DCS
software and hardware surveillance management.
2.1 software backup management, the application
software (database) should the prompt backup, be possible to make the
record to the minimum modification; Must preserve engineer to
the database revision at the same time to stand, but also should
preserve on the floppy disk or other hard disks. But the
attention backup floppy disk should not surpass the time use, guards
against the data missing.
2.2 software inspections and the function
experiment, should defer to the computer equipment the general method
inspection, mainly is the inspection all levels of jurisdiction
establishment: Strictly prohibits using non- DCS software:
Strictly prohibits not being authorized the personnel to carry
on the configuration.
2.3 hot working protections throws draws back
should strictly carry out the work ticket system, when overhauls some
movement equipment, must take the correct isolation measure, guards
against has the correlation equipment association response.
In view of above common breakdown, in order to avoid the number
of times which the breakdown the occurrence and the reduction occurs,
should formulate the strict overhaul, the maintenance and the periodic
inspection system, earnestly fills in the Dcs equipment to patrol the
inspection card, to each kind of small flaw prompt discovery prompt
processing, lets the breakdown vanish in the embryonic stage, fills in
the movement diary to strengthen the management method. |
