Our country "in 15" development plan explicitly
proposed "must practically change the industry growth way, the
enhancement technology innovation ability, positively uses the
high-tech and the advanced adaption technology, speeds up traditional
industry technological transformations". All levels of leaders
and the very multi-disciplinary scholar explicitly pointed out the
application information technology transforms and the promotion
tradition industry, may cause the traditional industry realization to
surmount the type development. These information indicated, our
automation good spare-time university develops the time already
arrived. The information technology high speed development
enhanced for us has been reliable and the advanced weapon, but our
country general traditions industry has provided nearly "for us the
infinity" market space, in this development space, we was allowed to
cultivate the automated enterprise which many grew healthy and strong.
First, at present in traditional industry industry
existence main question
20 years reform and open policy caused us to
understand a truth: The country prosperously and powerfully lies
in the enterprise the great strength, the enterprise formidable lies
in the ability the enhancement. As a result of the historical
reason, our country tradition industrial enterprise in the scale, the
equipment level, the management level, the fund ability, the technical
water equal aspect has the huge difference. We have several
hundred ultra large-scale large-scale modernized enterprises, some
hundreds of thousands of mid- and small-scale enterprise (according to
international standard), some more than ten million wife and children
scale individual enterprise or private enterprise. Because
enterprise's owners different, the national investment difference, the
profession difference, the leader level is different, creates our
country industrial enterprise the development not to be extremely
balanced. Profession and so on our country state-owned
large-scale petrification, electric power, metallurgy, building
materials and light industry major industry from 75 period starts the
installment transformation, has specially experienced 85 and 95
period large-scale investment, these enterprises have already used the
international most advanced control system in the installment level,
some enterprises also successively invested have introduced the
large-scale management information system. But these enterprises
in? Quot; On the hardware "abnormal investment brings the
ideal effect by no means, these enterprises' efficiency and the
international similar enterprise compare, the disparity very big, in
particular manufacture enterprise's disparity is also bigger.
Our country large quantities of has in the certain scale
enterprise the quite major part also vassal state to have the
enterprise, this batch of enterprise has a part to depend on the
national support, the development is limited, great danger; Some
part because leads going all out, the bold innovation, has obtained
the very good development; The second part of enterprise reforms
in the system of ownership aspect, adopts pools capital the true joint
stock system transformation, also has stepped onto the benign
development, also has the reform defeat; The fourth part for the
enterprise which develops by the individual or the foreign capital, in
this batch of enterprise develops very is not also balanced.
Above in enterprise, truly automation and enterprise
information? Quot; Hardware "and" software "balanced
develops and obtains the economical actual effect only to occupy
slightly are partial. But the our country more than ten million
magnitude small business majority of is in the handwork and the
semimechanized level, radically is far from the automation and the
information. Above is we is engaged in automated and the
enterprise information enterprise's potential market space.
Whether turns our market to be decided to these enterprise
competitions intensifies causes provides the increment service to the
efficiency improvement demand and our domestic automation enterprise
to the user the ability.
Our country information industries and the
technological development are not balanced
Because the country industrial policy and the
world technological development characteristic causes our country the
information technology industry supervelocity development. We
after approach or achieve the international advanced level in many
information technologies domain oneself, for example wireless
correspondence, information electrical appliances and so on. At
the same time we have also created many myths. Certainly,
information industries itself may form very large-scale, to enhanced
our country GDP the growth suitable function. But, our
information technology industry development and our traditional
industry development has not formed the interaction, but is
respectively develops each. The information technology abnormal
high speed development finally affirms the backward manufacturing
industry diversion. On the one hand we cannot make the
production information product the production line, must introduce,
moreover cannot introduce advanced; On the other hand, our
information product cannot large-scale enter our industry
manufacturing industry market, causes the information industries
itself substantial room for growth to be limited. Our country
most information industries enterprise is eager for quick success and
immediate gain, or tracing international fashionable technological
development, but does not have the interest earnestly to study our
country tradition industry the demand, devotes this enterprise.
At the same time, also has the part of traditional enterprise to
trace the international advanced partial products or the technology
constantly neglects own actual synthesis level, causes the
investment/to deliver the efficiency to be low. In brief, two
domains the balanced development does not cause our country
information industries and the traditional industry develops two
skins.
The application information technology promotion tradition
industry is not a relaxed topic, also is not a simple technical
question. It needs two industrial the enterprises mutually to
understand that, mutually seeps, and fully realized is the traditional
industry promotion enhances the enterprise competitive ability to the
information technology the fatal weapon, but traditional industry
itself is the information technology carrier and the value manifests.
What below will the author briefly discuss the information
technology to be allowed to make for the traditional industry?
Second, the enterprise biological modelling and the
enterprise develop ecological environment
The now Chinese enterprise is really difficult!
We in very various and international compare very are also weak,
but actually can not but greet joins WTO the challenge. This
also is our country industrial enterprise achieves the international
standard as soon as possible a strategic action. Because only
the full competition to be able to enhance the enterprise the ability,
protects causes the low efficiency. Our all enterprises must
face a reality: We are in a global economy member, also is in
whole world economical ecological environment or biological chain
species, our oneself is unable to evade. First lets us know the
enterprise the survival environment.
Now enterprise's development already formed a paragenesis the
ecological environment. The enterprise each other mutually
depends on for existence degree more and more big, enterprise's value
chain more and more is clear about, division of labor more and more
detailed, the competition is more and more intense.
(1) globalization: Our all enterprises' competitor all is
the internationalization, no matter enterprise's geographical position
how, also how no matter enterprise's subordinate does relate.
China will join WTO further to promote the Chinese enterprise
globalization advancement. Could not heartlessly eliminate with
the world enterprise competition enterprise.
(2) enterprise's traditional efficiency nearly achieves the
limiting condition: The international advanced enterprise
through the installment automated transformation, flows with the
improvement, manages the efficiency the enhancement to cause the
manufacture T (manufacture time, purchase cycle, delivery cycle and so
on) to achieve the agile manufacture (zero stock) the level, product
quality Q achieved the user or surpasses the user satisfaction (some
enterprises not only to implement international IS09000 series quality
authentication, moreover also has implemented 6 Seger the Masurium
strategy, greatly enhanced product and grade of service), reduced the
product through each kind of measure production cost C to cause the
product the cost and the price unceasingly reduces, causes an
enterprise to have to enter a mature domain not to be nearly
impossible.
(3) the enterprise divides exquisite forms the enterprise to
supply the chain and the oligarch is economical and the specialized
enterprise paragenesis: The world technology development and the
seepage causes in certain technologies an enterprise not impossible
forever to be in the lead, the individuality starts an undertaking the
enterprise unceasingly to challenge the traditional enterprise.
From this causes the enterprise to divide the work more and more
thin, the professional specialization is more and more strong.
Some enterprise giants using the management superiority, the
synthesis technology superiority, the market superiority and the
capital superiority and so on have gradually controlled some
professions development, and unceasingly annexes and it competition or
the supplementary enterprise. But mid- and small-scale
enterprise the overwhelming majority develops into these giant
enterprises' specialized designers or the special-purpose product
supplier. Therefore said now enterprise's competition actually
is the competition which the enterprise combines.
(4) serves becomes the most powerful competition weapon:
The pure price competition to the supplier and the ends-user all
is not the best choice. Must help the user enhancement
competitive ability to the user best supplier, the enterprise
competitive ability to enhance the value which obtained comes the
purchase in the economical expense to be bigger than. The most
competitive factory is these carefully studies the user the demand as
well as user's user demand, and serves the help user take this as the
user design individuality to satisfy the user the user demand.
(5) our country enterprise efficiency and the quality still were
the main question: Our country industrial enterprise eliminates
the minority business enterprise (specially is electrical appliances
manufacture enterprise) may achieve the international manufacture
level, the overwhelming majority enterprise is unable in the quality
and the efficiency aspect with now the world level to compare.
Must rapidly enhance. Above the enterprise must
adapt survives the environment, must rapidly enhance, but the
information already turned the enterprise to adapt the global
competition environment to be most essential and the most effective
weapon.
The domestic automated enterprise must say is lucky, we faced
with an extremely big market opportunity. But at the same time
the domestic automated enterprise also is unfortunate, the reform and
open policy 20 years cultivate the international scale by no means the
automation specialized company, the international automated market
saturated already directed the international famous automated
company's attention China. Therefore, we will face compared to a
electrical appliances profession more brutal competition.
Because the automated industry is not the fund crowded, the
talented person, the experience, technical and the brand function is
extremely big. How in this kind of international competition the
survival and the development, we first knew what the information
technology may make for the traditional industry promotion?
From enterprise's lowest level to the topmost story, we may make
five stratification planes the work.
The transformation makes the automated level which
and installs, enhances the installment efficiency
The most recent information technology applies to
the production installment and the process, may display the human body
the four limbs and the sense organ function. Below the process
and the equipment level, the electronic technology and the intelligent
technology may obtain applies:
(1) using the electronic intelligence technical change tradition
sensor, changes delivering, each kind of electric appliance switch,
each kind of analysis instrument, each kind of implementing agency.
Along with the microprocessor technology high speed development
and the field bus technology standardized advancement, the next
generation each kind of scene measuring appliance and the implementing
agency will certainly to realize intellectualized and the field bus
connection. For example each kind of processing function and
from rectified the function and the correspondence function integrates
in each kind of field bus measuring appliance already to have many
ready-made products; The frequency conversion technology, the
soft start technology and the preservation technology and so on turn a
control module to integrate inside the electric motor, directly
processes the intelligent control electrical machinery and so on.
May enhance the instrument measuring appliance and the
implementing agency processing precision through the
intellectualization, reduces the manufacture the cost (automatically
to rectify technology through microprocessor to be allowed to make up
machine-finishing precision insufficiency), sharpens its environment
adaptiveness, enhances from the diagnosis ability, reduces installs
cost and so on. Our country in former instrument measuring
appliance and each kind of implementing agency aspect big backwardness
multinational corporation. The electronic technology and the
intelligent processing technology development provides may surmount
the type development for us in the new generation of instrument
measuring appliance and the implementing agency aspect the
opportunity.
(2) each kind of scale control system which using the computer
technology, large-scale software and the real-time software
technology, the control configuration technology, the signal
processing technology as well as the communication forms may realize
each kind of different scale and the complex degree installment and
the process control. For example D C the S system may be supposed to use in each kind of
process control and the batch run production process; P L C may adapt in each logical control, each
kind of sequential control, as well as some process control;
Each kind different inserts the type control system and each
kind of return route regulator and so on may realize some center small
scale real-time controls. Uses the advanced control technology
and the system technology we may effectively enhance is controlled the
installment and the object productivity. And reduces the
adjustment cycle through the enhancement adjustment parameter
precision, enhances the product the quality; Through reduces the
energy consumption and the material consumption enhancement production
efficiency; Reduce each kind of accident through the enhancement
control device operation standard and the equipment from the diagnosis
ability and must plans the engine off to lose; Through expert's
operation instruction raises operator's level and so on. This
part is our country applies the quite mature part. D C the S product oneself after has specially
obtained the certain result. We not only have had the quite
mature application technology, has trained one group of applications
talented people, when we also have several companies like and the
advantage, Zhejiang major and medium controlled with the Shanghai New
China and so on all successfully has developed own D C the S product, and has obtained the encouraging
achievement in the different profession domain. But we are not
extremely optimistic in the manufacturing industry situation.
Our advanced manufacture production line nearly all imports, but
also cannot import advanced, moreover we also are equal to zero in the P L C product development and
the manufacture aspect. We nearly all P L C all imports. Actually the developed country
practice proved that, the manufacture automation market are also more
than process automation market big time. In addition also has
some factories both to include the process control, and has the
massive intermittent control, for example each kind of drugs
manufacture production process, the food processing process, the beer
and so on brews the processing process and so on. The
manufacture automation level did not develop itself has restricted
other professions development. The country should formulate the
corresponding encouragement policy development manufacture automation
industry as soon as possible.
(3) the application intelligence technology to the production
process parameter realization indirect survey, enhances the control
the precision, the guarantee quality.
(4) in the equipment level, the former automated application
generally all concentrates on the main essential equipment.
Actually, a production process is just like a bucket, installs
the water the capacity to decide by the shortest wooden staff,
simultaneously if the bottom leaks cannot install the water. We
in implementation information and automation, must carry on gathering
and the control to the entire process information, namely guarantee
information comprehensive. In the production practice we can
discover the production process severance or transmits the equipment
as well as the power supply in very many situations by the supporting
facility breaks down to create. Moreover, we in the host
installment under the time improvement, apply each kind of advanced
control and the improvement controlled variable very inaccessibility
5% above benefit, but in the production process the benefit which
wastes in the energy consumption or the assistance flow possibly must
be much bigger. Carry on the monitoring to the supporting
process and each kind of power energy to have to be much easier.
The improvement production process and the
management, enhances the process efficiency
Implements M E S in the production process and the
manual manufacture flow management aspect (manufacture execution system) and A M S (equipment management system management
system) and so on enhances the flow the efficiency, the realization
optimizes 排产 the dispatch and so on. Using each kind of data
analysis technology system examination flow and the manufacture
process efficiency, the analysis process bottleneck, designs the
smallest safe stock, process craft improvement and quality closed-loop
control and so on function, may greatly enhance the manufacture and
the production efficiency. Our country in this aspect nearly is
a blank. This application needs to specialize the service
organization, the most recent information processing technology and
the craft empirical data as well as the specialized knowledge
synthesizes in together and unifies with the actual process can
achieve the anticipated effect. This application will provide an
extremely big market space for our country automated industry.
The establishment enterprise interior integration
information system, enhances the management horizontal and the overall
efficiency
Establishes comprehensive, accurate and the
real-time enterprise information management system omni-directional
enhances the enterprise the management level, enhances the enterprise
the overall level. In our country information management system
practical application, our lesson is bigger than the successful
experience. Just like I said in front that, enterprise's
information system is just like person's nervous system, is not
multi-purpose, it concerns with enterprise's synthesizing capacity.
This is just like the different growth time person's nervous
system use to be also different. The baby time person nervous
system is not very developed, and reviews in succession the increase
along with the age growth, our nervous system function gradually is
developed. Therefore in view of the enterprise different
situation, we may adopt the different enterprise information system
platform.
(1) may first implement the function simple management
information system regarding the enterprise scale and the management
level relative quite low enterprise. The system may include each
kind of production real-time data gathering and the analysis, keeps in
stock the information, the financial information and the essential
work information and so on. On the one hand may truly help the
head of undertaking using such system comprehensive, accurate and the
real-time understanding enterprise's each kind of production
information, and formulation quite scientific decision-making, on the
other hand such system implementation simple, expense low, the
application is easy, enterprise's all levels of cadre and the staff
easy seat of honor, compared with to be easy to achieve the
application the effect.
(2) is higher regarding the business automation degree, manages
the level relative higher enterprise, we may implement the function
slightly strong management system management system platform, for
example quite simple E R P (enterprise
resources plan) platform, including each kind of production process
information gathering and process management, technological process
analysis system, new product development management, stock management,
financial control, human resources management, decision-making support
program and so on.
(3) regarding the large-scale successful enterprise group, the
information system changes importantly, may implement the large-scale
management platform. This kind of application main is difficult
does not lie in the management software platform, but lies in the
management flow to analyze and to design itself, therefore this kind
of application often follows the management consultant firm the
involvement.
The establishment supply chain management system
management system, enhances the enterprise the operation efficiency
The establishment enterprise's supply chain
management system management system often includes the enterprise the
supplier and the purchase management, the thing flow the management,
the financial control, the market management (C R M customer relations management), C A L L C E N T E R (call
center) and so on. May enhance the enterprise using these
systems the whole operation level, enhances the enterprise the
synthesis competitive ability.
Changes staff's work custom and the thought
pattern, raises the overall level and realizes the sustainable
development
The application information technology most
sweeping change which brings to the traditional industry is not each
kind of "the hardware" enhancement, but is to the operator and all
staff's work custom and the thought pattern change.
(1) said regarding the operator that, they must change
originally face certain indicator types or the indicating lamp -like
parameter instructed, the change original direct operation according
to turns and the tumbler switch and so on, but accepts the graph
operation contact surface which the computer screen provides.
Appears when the operating mode exceptionally, they are not
depending on own experience or want certainly to carry on urgent
processing, but first springs the operation instruction picture,
provides the operation instruction according to the computer system to
carry on has continues the operation.
(2) the automated control system could replace for many past the
manual operation, therefore, ten operators' work now only need an
operator in the past, but passed operator's work quite to be simple or
the specialized minute exquisiteness, now a qualified operator must
skilled carry on many complex working procedures the operation.
(3) between past production process the multi- existences was
interrupted, section of working procedures work suspension or the low
speed did not affect other each section of working procedures,
computerized the production process could cause the multichannel
working procedure closely continually in the same place, the joint
operation, any construction section made the quality to be able
directly to affect the entire working procedure process, therefore,
requested all staff to have to have a stronger professional spirit and
the vocational level.
(4) various workshops level or branch factory level leadership
in the past because the information did not pass or the serious lag,
often had the very big scene processing authority, simultaneously they
the information which reported to on also may be partial to own
achievement in some kind of degree. Practical and the reliable
enterprise information management and the automated system
intermediate deck nearly is transparent, the scene information can be
accurate real-time, transmits the enterprise the policy-making
management level. Therefore, after implementation enterprise
information, manages the function the change request enterprise's flow
and the cadre post corresponding adjustment. The scene
surveillance and the execution work are many by the computer
information system implementation, enterprise's experienced
intermediate deck leader and expert more functions is studies the
technical process the improvement, the expert diagnoses the algorithm
the development, efficiency enhancement and so on.
(5) enterprise's high level leader had to change the past to
listen to the report and to read the report form the custom, but was
from the computer terminal examined each kind of real-time
information, looked the system provided each kind of analysis report,
and the decision-making which provided according to the information
management system instructs to carry on the rational decision-making.
The leader must change the report which the month could obtain
based on past each Zhou eithermei to carry on policy-making the custom
for every day or each hour even several minute information carries on
the decision-making. These specially were the high level leader
set the very high request to enterprise's all levels of leader:
The head of undertaking must the real-time response, facing the
reality, the system ponder, rationality and macro-scientific
policy-making.
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