First, SCADA system outline
The SCADA system is take the computer as the foundation
industrial control and the dispatch automated system. It may
carry on the surveillance and the control to the scene movement
equipment, realizes the data acquisition, the device control, the
survey, the parameter adjustment as well as each kind of signal
reports to the police and so on each function.
Because each application domain is different to the SCADA
request, therefore different application domain SCADA system
development quite same not less than.
In electrical power system, SCADA system application most
widespread, the technological development is also maturest. It
took energy management system management system (EMS system) a most
main subsystem, has the information integrity, enhances the
efficiency, correctly grasps the system running status, speeds up the
decision-making, can help fast to diagnose superiority and so on
system failure condition, already passed through becomes the electric
power dispatcher's essential tool. It to enhances the electrical
network movement the reliability, the security and the economic
efficiency, lightens dispatcher's burden, the realization electric
power dispatch automation and the modernization, enhances function
which the dispatch in the efficiency and the level the aspect has
cannot be substituted.
SCADA far moves on the system in the railroad electrification
the application comparatively early, in the guarantee electric railway
security reliable power supply, enhanced the railway transportation
the dispatch management level to play the very major role. In in
the railroad electrification SCADA system developing process, along
with the computer development, the different time has the different
product, simultaneously our country from overseas has also introduced
the massive SCADA product and the equipment, these all led the
railroad electrification far to move the system to the higher goal
development.
Second, SCADA system development course
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system, entire named data
acquisition and supervisory control system. SCADA system date of
from the birth on and computer technology development close
correlation. The SCADA system developed already has experienced
three generations today.
The first generation is based on the special purpose computer
and the special-purpose operating system SCADA system, if the electric
power automation research institute the SD176 system as well as which
develops for the North China electrical network far moves the H-80M
system in the Japanese Hitachi company for our country railroad
electrification which the system designs. This stage is utilizes
from the computer to the SCADA system when starts to the 70's.
The second-generation is the 80's based on the general-purpose
calculator SCADA system, in the second-generation, widely uses VAX and
so on other computers as well as other general workstations, the
operating system generally is the general UNIX operating system.
In this stage, the SCADA system in the electrical network
dispatch automation with the economical movement analysis,
automatically generated electricity the control (AGC) as well as the
network analysis unifies constituted the EMS system together (energy
management system management system). The first generation with
the second-generation SCADA system common characteristic is based on
the central computer system, and the system does not have openness,
thus system maintenance, promotion as well as with other networking
constitution very major difficulties.
The 90's according to the open principle, can realize the wide
range networking EMS/SCADA system based on the distributed computer
network as well as the relational database technology to be called the
third generation. This stage is our country SCADA/EMS system
develops the quickest stage, each kind of newest computer technology
all collects in the SCADA/EMS system. This stage also will be
our country invests the greatest time to the electrical power system
automation as well as the electrical network construction, the
national plan future in three years invests 270 billion Yuan to
transform the city and countryside electrical network obviously
country the value degree which will construct to the electrical power
system automation as well as the electrical network.
The fourth generation of SCADA/EMS system foundation condition
already or soon had, estimated will be born with the beginning of the
21st century. This system main characteristic is uses technology
and so on Internet technology, object-oriented technical, nerve
network technology as well as JAVA technology, continues to expand the
SCADA/EMS system and other systems integrations, comprehensive
security economy movement as well as 商业�operation need.
The SCADA system far moved the system in the electrification
railroad in the application technology already to obtain
unprecedentedness to progress, in the application also had the swift
and violent development. Because the electrification railroad
and the electrical power system have the different characteristic,
incompletely is certainly same in the SCADA system development and the
electrical power system path. Far moved on the system in the
electrification railroad already the mature product to have by my
institute independently develops the development the HY200
microcomputer far to move the system as well as the DWY microcomputer
which to develop by southwest Jiaotong University far moves the system
and so on. These system performances reliable, the function is
formidable, in the guarantee electrification railroad power supply
security, improved in the power supply quality to play the vital role,
had lasting achievements to the SCADA system in railroad
electrification application.
Third, the SCADA system development peeks at
The SCADA system unceasingly is consummating,
unceasingly develops, an its technology advancement quarter has not
stopped. Now, along with the electrical power system as well as
the railroad electrification system to the SCADA system demand
enhancement as well as the computer technology development, is the
SCADA system proposed the new request, broadly said, has following
several points:
1st, SCADA/EMS system and other systems widespread integrations
The SCADA system is the electrical power system
automation real-time data pool, is the EMS system provides the massive
real-time data. Meanwhile in the simulation training system,
system and so on in MIS system all needs to use the electrical network
real-time data, but does not have this electrical network real-time
data information, possesses other systems all to become "the water
without a source". Therefore in this now for ten years, SCADA
system how and other non- real time systems connection into SCADA
research important topics; Now already successfully the
realization and DTS (dispatcher simulated training system) in the
SCADA system,
Enterprise MIS system connection. SCADA system and
electrical energy gauge quantity system, geographic information
system, water dispatch automated system, dispatcher production
automated system as well as an office automation system integrated
into SCADA system development direction.
2nd, transformer substation synthesis automation
Take RTU, the microcomputer protective device as a core,
the transformer substation control, the signal, the survey, costs and
so on the return route brings into line with the computer system, the
substitution tradition control protection screen, can reduce the
transformer substation the area and the equipment investment, enhances
two times of systems the reliability. The transformer substation
synthesis automation already became the parties concerned the research
topic, company and so on our country the East electron already
promotes the corresponding product, but also was at the research stage
in the railroad electrification.
3rd, the expert is systematic, the fuzzy decision-making, the
nerve network and so on the new engineering research and the
application
Simulates the electrical network using these new
technologies each kind of running status, and develops dispatch
assistance software and management decision-making software, infers
the optimization by the expert system basis different actual situation
the movement way or comes out the breakdown method, achieved
reasonable, economically carries on the electrical network electric
power dispatch, enhances the transportation efficiency the goal.
4th, object-oriented technology, Internet technology, and JAVA
technology application
The object-oriented technology (OOT) is the appropriate
tool which the network database design, the market model design and
electrical power system analysis software designs, (OOT) utilizes the
object-oriented technology to the SCADA/EMS system is the development
tendency.
Along with the Internet technology development, the browser
contact surface already became the computer tabletop the basic
platform, utilized the browser technology to the SCADA/EMS system, the
browser contact surface took the electrical network dispatch automated
system the man-machine contact surface, to expanded the real time
system the application scope, reduced the maintenance work load to be
extremely advantageous; In the new generation of SCADA/EMS
system, the traditional MMI contact surface will retain, mainly will
use for the dispatcher, newly will additionally build the Web server
will supply the non- real-time user browsing, later the gradual
unification will be one kind of man-machine contact surface.
The JAVA language synthesized the object-oriented technology and
the Internet technology, will translate and the explanation organic
synthesis, strictly has realized the object-oriented four big
characteristics: The seal, the multi- state properties, inherit
the nature, the dynamic association arrange, and surpasses C++ in the
multi-thread support and the security, as well as other many
characteristics, the JAVA technology will cause the EMS/SCADA system a
revolution.
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